Sukhomlinsky and Steiner: A Comparison
Sukhomlinsky and Steiner: A Comparison
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发表时间：
2016-07
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通讯作者：
A. Cockerill
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作者：
A. Cockerill
瓦西里·苏霍姆林斯基（Vasily Sukhomlinsky，1918-1970）是战后苏联最具影响力的教育家。20世纪50年代和60年代，他作为一所农村学校的校长而声名鹊起，他真实地讲述了自己的教育经历，并深刻反思了其重要性。他的影响力在他死后继续增长，因为他的许多最重要的作品都是在死后出版的。他继续在前苏联各共和国和中国广泛阅读，他的大部分作品在20世纪80年代和90年代出版。虽然他没有提到鲁道夫施泰纳在他的任何作品，他的哲学背景作为一个无神论者和共产主义者是非常不同的施泰纳的，他的整体教育实践承担一些惊人的相似之处，那些华尔道夫学校。他写了大量的需要教育的心和手以及头部，并证明了如何做到这一点。他非常关心孩子们应该在情感上参与学习，学习应该从好奇心开始。他高度重视美学和道德教育，为学生提供机会，使他们与周围的自然环境形成密切的联系，并培养同情心，好奇心和创造力等品质。他强调体力劳动和实践活动的重要性，通过这些活动，学生的知识和对他人的关心可以得到表达。本文探讨了这些和其他相似之处。
Vasily Sukhomlinsky (1918-1970) was the most widely read and influential Soviet educator of the post-war period. He rose to prominence during the 1950s and 1960s as a principal in a rural school who wrote authentically about his educational experience and reflected deeply on its significance. His influence continued to grow after his death, as many of his most significant works were published posthumously. He continues to be widely read throughout the former republics of the Soviet Union, and in China, where much of his work was published during the 1980s and 1990s. Although he does not refer to Rudolf Steiner in any of his works, and his philosophical background as an atheist and communist was very different to Steiner’s, his holistic educational practices bear some striking similarities to those of Waldorf schools. He wrote extensively of the need to educate the heart and hands as well as the head, and demonstrated how this might be done. He was very concerned that children should be emotionally engaged in learning, and that learning should proceed from a sense of wonder. He gave a high priority to aesthetic and moral education, providing opportunities for his students to form close bonds with the natural environment that surrounded them, and fostering qualities such as empathy, curiosity and creativity. He emphasised the importance of physical work, and of practical activities through which students’ knowledge and concern for others could find expression. These and other similarities are explored in this paper.