Age and historical biogeography of the pantropically distributed Spathelioideae (Rutaceae, Sapindales)
Age and historical biogeography of the pantropically distributed Spathelioideae (Rutaceae, Sapindales)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02686.x
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Janssens, Steven B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Appelhans, Marc S.;Kessler, Paul J. A.;Janssens, Steven B.
目的 芸香科（rue family）是双子叶植物无患子目中最大的植物，主要分布在新世界和旧世界的热带和亚热带地区，少数属分布在温带地区。本研究的主要目的是对 Spathelioideae 亚科（最早的分支进化枝（包括八个现存属））进行分子测年和生物地理学分析，以解释该群体的时间和空间起源，确定可能的替代模式和扩散路线，并推断随时间变化的多样化率。地点泛热带地区。方法 使用包含 Spathelioideaeae 属水平（物种水平 83.3%）完整分类单元采样的数据集进行贝叶斯分子测年分析（兽）。应用了无患子目的四个化石校准点和年龄限制。利用分散灭绝分支发生模型和多样化率分析进行了祖先区域重建分析。结果年代测定分析表明芸香科和Spathelioideae可能起源于白垩纪晚期，之后Spathelioideae分裂为新热带谱系和古热带谱系。古热带类群的起源被推断为非洲，并假设有扩散到地中海、加那利群岛、马达加斯加和东南亚的事件。 Spathelioideae内的谱系以相对恒定的多样化速率进化。然而，从中新世开始和上新世/更新世期间推断出多样化率的突然变化。主要结论 Spathelioideae 的地理起源可能位于非洲。新热带谱系的存在可能是白垩纪晚期一次扩散事件的结果，当时南美洲和非洲仍然非常接近（假设我们的年龄估计接近实际年龄），或者是冈瓦纳的间接变化（假设我们的年龄估计仅提供最小年龄）。上新世和更新世期间海平面变化引起的陆地分离可能是加勒比海芋属物种形成的触发因素。
Aim The family Rutaceae (rue family) is the largest within the eudicot order Sapindales and is distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of both the New World and the Old World, with a few genera in temperate zones. The main objective of this study is to present molecular dating and biogeographical analyses of the subfamily Spathelioideae, the earliest branching clade (which includes eight extant genera), to interpret the temporal and spatial origins of this group, ascertaining possible vicariant patterns and dispersal routes and inferring diversification rates through time. Location Pantropics. Methods A dataset comprising a complete taxon sampling at generic level (83.3% at species level) of Spathelioideae was used for a Bayesian molecular dating analysis (beast). Four fossil calibration points and an age constraint for Sapindales were applied. An ancestral area reconstruction analysis utilizing the dispersalextinctioncladogenesis model and diversification rate analyses was conducted. Results Dating analyses indicate that Rutaceae and Spathelioideae are probably of Late Cretaceous origin, after which Spathelioideae split into a Neotropical and a Palaeotropical lineage. The Palaeotropical taxa have their origin inferred in Africa, with postulated dispersal events to the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands, Madagascar and Southeast Asia. The lineages within Spathelioideae evolved at a relatively constant diversification rate. However, abrupt changes in diversification rates are inferred from the beginning of the Miocene and during the Pliocene/Pleistocene. Main conclusions The geographical origin of Spathelioideae probably lies in Africa. The existence of a Neotropical lineage may be the result of a dispersal event at a time in the Late Cretaceous when South America and Africa were still quite close to each other (assuming that our age estimates are close to the actual ages), or by Gondwanan vicariance (assuming that our age estimates provide minimal ages only). Separation of land masses caused by sea level changes during the Pliocene and Pleistocene may have been triggers for speciation in the Caribbean genus Spathelia.