On the Automaticity of Attentional Orienting to Threatening Stimuli
On the Automaticity of Attentional Orienting to Threatening Stimuli
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DOI：
10.1037/emo0000596
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Britton, Mark K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, Brian A.;Britton, Mark K.
注意力偏向于过去与令人厌恶的结果相关的刺激。这种偏见此前曾被解释为反映了对威胁信号的自动定向。然而，在许多先前的研究中。要么是威胁性刺激提供了有价值的预测信息，表明否则不可避免的惩罚的可能性，从而让参与者振作起来，要么是厌恶性事件可以通过快速准确的任务表现来避免。在这些条件下，监控威胁可以被视为一种自适应策略。在本研究中。在某些试验中，注视颜色刺激立即导致电击。直接刺激人们不去看刺激。然而，这种偶然性导致参与者更频繁地注视与电击相关的刺激，而不是与身体显著性相匹配的中性圆盘演员。我们的研究结果表明，威胁性刺激自动出席，即使出席这样的刺激实际上是负责触发厌恶事件，提供令人信服的证据自动性。
Attention is biased toward stimuli that have been associated with aversive outcomes in the past. This bias has previously been interpreted as reflecting automatic orienting toward threat signals. However, in many prior studies. either the threatening stimulus provided valuable predictive information, signaling the possibility of an otherwise unavoidable punishment and thereby allowing participants to brace themselves, or the aversive event could be avoided with fast and accurate task performance. Under these conditions, monitoring for threat could be viewed as an adaptive strategy. In the present study. fixating a color stimulus immediately resulted in a shock on some trials. providing a direct incentive not to look at the stimulus. Nevertheless, this contingency resulted in participants fixating the shock-associated stimulus more frequently than a neutral disc actor matched for physical salience. Our findings demonstrate that threatening stimuli are automatically attended even when attending such stimuli is actually responsible for triggering the aversive event, providing compelling evidence for automaticity.