The Impact of Negative Emotions on Self-Concept Abstraction Depends on Accessible Information Processing Styles
The Impact of Negative Emotions on Self-Concept Abstraction Depends on Accessible Information Processing Styles
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DOI：
10.1037/emo0000193
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Lair, Elicia C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isbell, Linda M.;Rovenpor, Daniel R.;Lair, Elicia C.
研究表明，愤怒促进整体的、抽象的处理，而悲伤和恐惧促进局部的、具体的处理（参见Schwarz & Clore， 2007）。与大量有影响力的研究表明特定的情感体验与特定的认知结果相关联相反，情感作为认知反馈的说法认为，情感体验对当前占主导地位的加工方式具有积极或消极的价值，因此可能导致整体或局部加工（Huntsinger, Isbell, & Clore, 2014）。目前的工作通过研究离散负面情绪对自我概念的影响，扩展了这一理论视角。通过实验操纵信息加工方式和离散负面情绪对确定性评价的不同，我们证明离散负面情绪对自发自我概念的影响取决于可及性加工方式。当可以进行全局加工时，处于愤怒（消极，高确定性）状态的个体比处于悲伤（实验1）或恐惧（实验2，消极，低确定性）状态的个体产生更多关于自己的抽象陈述。然而，当局部处理变得可访问时，相反的模式出现了，即愤怒状态下的个体比悲伤或恐惧状态下的个体产生更少的抽象陈述。总之，这些研究为离散情绪影响认知的机制提供了新的见解。与假设情绪和处理方式之间有专门联系的理论相反，这些结果表明，离散的情绪提供了关于可访问的思维方式的反馈，并且与最近的证据一致，表明情绪对认知的影响高度依赖于环境。
Research suggests that anger promotes global, abstract processing whereas sadness and fear promote local, concrete processing (see Schwarz & Clore, 2007 for a review). Contrary to a large and influential body of work suggesting that specific affective experiences are tethered to specific cognitive outcomes, the affect-as-cognitive-feedback account maintains that affective experiences confer positive or negative value on currently dominant processing styles, and thus can lead to either global or local processing (Huntsinger, Isbell, & Clore, 2014). The current work extends this theoretical perspective by investigating the impact of discrete negative emotions on the self-concept. By experimentally manipulating information processing styles and discrete negative emotions that vary in appraisals of certainty, we demonstrate that the impact of discrete negative emotions on the spontaneous self-concept depends on accessible processing styles. When global processing was accessible, individuals in angry (negative, high certainty) states generated more abstract statements about themselves than individuals in either sad (Experiment 1) or fearful (Experiment 2; negative, low certainty) states. When local processing was made accessible, however, the opposite pattern emerged, whereby individuals in angry states generated fewer abstract statements than individuals in sad or fearful states. Together these studies provide new insights into the mechanisms through which discrete emotions influence cognition. In contrast to theories assuming a dedicated link between emotions and processing styles, these results suggest that discrete emotions provide feedback about accessible ways of thinking, and are consistent with recent evidence suggesting that the impact of affect on cognition is highly context-dependent.