Pollution influences on atmospheric composition and chemistry at high northern latitudes: Boreal and California forest fire emissions
Pollution influences on atmospheric composition and chemistry at high northern latitudes: Boreal and California forest fire emissions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.026
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发表时间：
2010-11
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
H. Singh;B. Anderson;W. Brune;C. Cai;R. Cohen;J. Crawford;M. Cubison;E. Czech;L. Emmons;H. Fuelberg;G. Huey;D. Jacob;J. Jimenez;A. Kaduwela;Y. Kondo;J. Mao;J. Olson;G. Sachse;S. Vay;A. Weinheimer;P. Wennberg;A. Wisthaler
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文献类型：
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作者：
H. Singh;B. Anderson;W. Brune;C. Cai;R. Cohen;J. Crawford;M. Cubison;E. Czech;L. Emmons;H. Fuelberg;G. Huey;D. Jacob;J. Jimenez;A. Kaduwela;Y. Kondo;J. Mao;J. Olson;G. Sachse;S. Vay;A. Weinheimer;P. Wennberg;A. Wisthaler
我们分析了2008年美国宇航局ARCTAS（从飞机和卫星对流层组成的北极研究）在高北方纬度春季（ARCTAS-A）和夏季（ARCTAS-B）和夏季（ARCTAS-CARB）在加州进行的空中活动期间获得的详细大气气体/气溶胶组成数据。生物质燃烧的影响是广泛的整个ARCTAS运动。2000年至2009年的中分辨率成像光谱仪数据表明，2008年西伯利亚的火灾数量是第二大，加拿大北方森林火灾季节更为正常。近地面北极空气在春季含有强烈的人为签名高硫酸盐。在春季和夏季，大部分污染羽流从欧洲和亚洲输送到北极地区，并出现在对流层中上部，其中混合了森林火灾和城市影响。在春季和夏季，高纬度对流层的气体/气溶胶成分在所有高度都受到强烈扰动。活性氮收支平衡，PAN为主要组分。高纬度对流层中的平均臭氧浓度只有最小的扰动（<5 ppb），尽管在对流层中上部取样的许多单独的污染羽流，并与城市的影响混合，含有较高的臭氧（ΔO3/ΔCO=0.11±0.09v/v）。排放和光学特性的北方和加州野火进行了量化，并发现大致相当。从加州南海岸空气盆地的ARCTAS-CARB数据得出的温室气体排放量估计数与CO2和N2 O的州清单吻合得很好，但表明CH 4的排放量要大得多。研究发现，多个输送和化学模型的模拟结果与观测结果基本一致，但在高纬度地区有低于预测值的趋势。
We analyze detailed atmospheric gas/aerosol composition data acquired during the 2008 NASA ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) airborne campaign performed at high northern latitudes in spring (ARCTAS-A) and summer (ARCTAS-B) and in California in summer (ARCTAS-CARB). Biomass burning influences were widespread throughout the ARCTAS campaign. MODIS data from 2000 to 2009 indicated that 2008 had the second largest fire counts over Siberia and a more normal Canadian boreal forest fire season. Near surface arctic air in spring contained strong anthropogenic signatures indicated by high sulfate. In both spring and summer most of the pollution plumes transported to the Arctic region were from Europe and Asia and were present in the mid to upper troposphere and contained a mix of forest fire and urban influences. The gas/aerosol composition of the high latitude troposphere was strongly perturbed at all altitudes in both spring and summer. The reactive nitrogen budget was balanced with PAN as the dominant component. Mean ozone concentrations in the high latitude troposphere were only minimally perturbed (<5ppb), although many individual pollution plumes sampled in the mid to upper troposphere, and mixed with urban influences, contained elevated ozone (ΔO3/ΔCO=0.11±0.09v/v). Emission and optical characteristics of boreal and California wild fires were quantified and found to be broadly comparable. Greenhouse gas emission estimates derived from ARCTAS-CARB data for the South Coast Air Basin of California show good agreement with state inventories for CO2and N2O but indicate substantially larger emissions of CH4. Simulations by multiple models of transport and chemistry were found to be broadly consistent with observations with a tendency towards under prediction at high latitudes.