INFORMATION-PROCESSING ABNORMALITIES - TRAIT-DEPENDENT AND STATE-DEPENDENT COMPONENTS
INFORMATION-PROCESSING ABNORMALITIES - TRAIT-DEPENDENT AND STATE-DEPENDENT COMPONENTS
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DOI：
10.1093/schbul/12.3.447
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发表时间：
1986-01-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
BRAFF, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SACCUZZO, DP;BRAFF, DL
在视觉掩蔽范式中，精神分裂症患者与分裂情感性、双相情感障碍和非精神病性抑郁症患者进行比较，在视觉掩蔽范式中，信息性目标刺激之后以不同的间隔跟随非信息性掩蔽刺激。在限制目标刺激提供的感觉信号的可用性方面，面罩被用来探测来自环境的信息是如何进入中枢神经系统并被处理的。掩蔽范式的使用最初是基于这样一种假设，即思维障碍是思维之前和导致思维的过程中更主要的功能障碍的结果。结果证实了之前的发现，与非精神病对照组相比，精神分裂症患者的表现存在缺陷。然而，精神分裂和双相情感障碍患者也表现出加工障碍的证据。结果被解释为一种特质/状态公式，其中信息处理障碍被视为精神分裂症谱系障碍的基本特征，并被视为一种状态，通常可能与精神疾病并存。一个统一的概念集中在精神病理条件对个人处理资源的影响，这些资源导致从感觉输入到依赖大脑皮层的复杂认知操作的信息供应不足或过度供应。各种范式的发现与掩蔽范式的研究结果一致，揭示了精神分裂症患者的加工缺陷是时间依赖的，并发生在刺激输入后的500ms内。
Schizophrenics were compared to schizoaffective, bipolar, and nonpsychotic depressed patients in a visual masking paradigm in which an informational target stimulus was followed at varying intervals by a noninformational masking stimulus. In limiting the availability of the sensory signal provided by the target stimulus, the mask was used to probe how information from the environment enters and is processed by the central nervous system. The use of the masking paradigm was originally based on the hypothesis that thought disorder is a result of a more primary dysfunction in the processes that precede and result in thought. Results confirmed previous findings of a performance deficit in the schizophrenics when compared to nonpsychotic controls. Schizoaffective and bipolar patients also showed evidence of impaired processing, however. Results were interpreted in terms of a trait/state formulation in which impaired information processing is seen as a fundamental trait of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and as a state that can covary with psychotic illness in general. A unifying concept centers on the effects of psychopathological conditions on an individual's processing resources that results in either underprovision or overprovision of information from sensory input to complex cognitive operations dependent on the cerebral cortex. Findings from a variety of paradigms are consistent with those of the masking paradigm in revealing that the processing deficits of schizophrenics are time dependent and occur in the 500 ms following stimulus input.