Trade-offs between multifunctionality and profit in tropical smallholder landscapes
Trade-offs between multifunctionality and profit in tropical smallholder landscapes
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-020-15013-5
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发表时间：
2020-03-04
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Wollni, Meike
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grass, Ingo;Kubitza, Christoph;Wollni, Meike
土地使用转型可以改善小农的生计，但对潜在的经济-生态权衡仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们提出了一个跨学科的研究，在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛的热带小农景观的土地利用转型的环境，社会和经济后果。我们发现，从森林和农林系统到橡胶和油棕榈单一种植的土地利用过渡导致了广泛的生物多样性利润权衡，26，894地上和地下物种和整个生态系统的多样性。尽管生态系统功能之间存在差异，但利润的增加是以牺牲生态系统的多功能性为代价的，这表明生态系统正在严重恶化。我们确定的景观组成，可以减轻权衡下的最佳土地利用分配，但也表明，集约单一栽培总是导致更高的利润。这些研究结果表明，为了减少生物多样性和生态系统功能的损失，迫切需要通过精心设计的政策改变经济激励结构。
Land-use transitions can enhance the livelihoods of smallholder farmers but potential economic-ecological trade-offs remain poorly understood. Here, we present an interdisciplinary study of the environmental, social and economic consequences of land-use transitions in a tropical smallholder landscape on Sumatra, Indonesia. We find widespread biodiversity-profit trade-offs resulting from land-use transitions from forest and agroforestry systems to rubber and oil palm monocultures, for 26,894 aboveground and belowground species and whole-ecosystem multidiversity. Despite variation between ecosystem functions, profit gains come at the expense of ecosystem multifunctionality, indicating far-reaching ecosystem deterioration. We identify landscape compositions that can mitigate trade-offs under optimal land-use allocation but also show that intensive monocultures always lead to higher profits. These findings suggest that, to reduce losses in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, changes in economic incentive structures through well-designed policies are urgently needed.