Reducing elasmobranch bycatch: Laboratory investigation of rare earth metal and magnetic deterrents with spiny dogfish and Pacific halibut
Reducing elasmobranch bycatch: Laboratory investigation of rare earth metal and magnetic deterrents with spiny dogfish and Pacific halibut
复制标题
减少软骨鱼兼捕：稀土金属和磁性威慑物对角鲨和太平洋大比目鱼的实验室研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.fishres.2008.01.004
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Stephen M. Kaimmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Stoner;Stephen M. Kaimmer
白斑角鲨（Squalus acanthius）是北美东海岸和西海岸陆架水域的大比目鱼和鳕鱼底层延绳钓的重要副渔获物。在这项实验室研究中，在两种不同的稀土材料（钕铁硼磁铁和铈混合稀土）的存在下测试了对诱饵的攻击，这两种材料被认为可以阻止软骨鱼类的捕获。在稀土材料和惰性金属对照的成对测试中，用角鲨和太平洋大比目鱼（Hippoglossus stenolepis）进行了实验。角鲨攻击并消耗经过混合稀土测试的饵料的频率低于对照组。在混合稀土存在的情况下，攻击诱饵的次数明显增多，第一次攻击前的接近次数也明显增加。混合稀土和对照处理之间的时间差异以及消耗的饵料数量随着食物剥夺的增加而趋同（1小时、2天和4天），但处理差异始终显着。混合稀土似乎对角鲨有刺激性，并可能会破坏它们的诱饵检测和定向能力。磁铁似乎也会刺激角鲨，但在喂养试验中无法为诱饵提供保护。太平洋大比目鱼对稀土磁铁或铈混合稀土没有任何反应。因此，混合稀土可能有助于减少大比目鱼渔业中的白斑角鲨兼捕。在商业操作中使用混合稀土的缺点是费用高、危险性以及在海水中相对快速的水解。
Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthius) comprises a significant unwanted bycatch on demersal longlines set for halibut and cod in shelf waters of the east and west coasts of North America. In this laboratory study, attacks on baits were tested in the presence of two different rare earth materials (neodymium–iron–boride magnets and cerium mischmetal) believed to deter elasmobranch catch. Experiments were made with spiny dogfish and with Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in pairwise tests of the rare earth materials and inert metal controls. Dogfish attacked and consumed baits tested with cerium mischmetal at a lower frequency than controls. Times to attack the baits were significantly higher in the presence of mischmetal, as were numbers of approaches before first attack. The time differential between mischmetal and control treatments and the number of baits consumed converged with increasing food deprivation (1h, 2d, and 4d), but treatment differences were always significant. Cerium mischmetal appeared to be irritating to dogfish and may disrupt their bait detection and orientation abilities. Magnets also appeared to irritate dogfish but provided no protection for baits in feeding trials. Pacific halibut showed no reaction whatsoever to the rare earth magnets or cerium mischmetal. Mischmetal, therefore, may be useful in reducing spiny dogfish bycatch in the halibut fishery. Disadvantages in using mischmetal in commercial operations are expense, hazardous nature, and relatively rapid hydrolysis in seawater.