How selfish retrotransposons are silenced in Drosophila germline and somatic cells
How selfish retrotransposons are silenced in Drosophila germline and somatic cells
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DOI：
10.1016/j.febslet.2008.06.018
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发表时间：
2008-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
M. Siomi;Kuniaki Saito;H. Siomi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Siomi;Kuniaki Saito;H. Siomi
转座因子（Transposable elements，TE）是存在于各种生物体基因组中的DNA元件。TE在进化过程中高度保守，这表明它们赋予宿主有利的影响。然而，由于它们转座到几乎任何基因座中的能力，TE具有在宿主基因组中产生有害突变的能力。为此，发展了各种不同的机制，以减轻其活动。一种主要的防御机制是RNA沉默，它是由小RNA触发的基因沉默机制。在这篇综述中，我们解决RNA沉默机制，沉默反转录转座子，TE的一个子集，并讨论如何生殖细胞和体细胞配备不同的反转录转座子沉默机制。
Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA elements found in the genomes of various organisms. TEs have been highly conserved during evolution, suggesting that they confer advantageous effects to their hosts. However, due to their ability to transpose into virtually any locus, TEs have the ability to generate deleterious mutations in the host genome. In response, a variety of different mechanisms have evolved to mitigate their activities. A main defense mechanism is RNA silencing, which is a gene silencing mechanism triggered by small RNAs. In this review, we address RNA silencing mechanisms that silence retrotransposons, a subset of TEs, and discuss how germline and somatic cells are equipped with different retrotransposon silencing mechanisms.