Multi-Photon Quantum Information Science and Technology in Integrated Optics
Multi-Photon Quantum Information Science and Technology in Integrated Optics
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-32870-1
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发表时间：
2012-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Matthews
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Matthews
集成光学这个新领域已有大约六年的历史，其主要基础是光波可以通过非常薄的透明材料层（薄膜）传播并被其包含。通过将这些层组合在一起并将它们塑造成适当的配置，集成光学技术已经实现了可以对光波执行各种操作的多种组件。因此，光可以被引导、调制、偏转、过滤、辐射到空间中，或者通过使用激光作用，也可以在薄膜结构内产生光。这些组件体积小、结构紧凑，有望促进多种目标的实现，其中最有前途的是光通信中的光信号处理。为此以及其他相关应用，目标是开发具有微型尺寸的集成仪器和光学设备，预计这些仪器和光学设备将具有坚固、耐用和可靠的结构，并且具有低功耗要求。集成光学的其他技术和科学追求包括通过开发具有特殊性能的薄膜结构而实现的新器件、薄膜中高强度场集中产生的现象以及由于此类薄膜的非线性和/或有源性能随之增强而产生的效应。在众多目标的推动下，针对非晶和晶体材料开发了许多新的制造技术。然而，集成光学受到以下事实的强烈刺激：经过几个世纪对需要相对大尺寸设备的光学现象的兴趣，薄膜元件的小尺寸和平面特征为新旧领域的研究和开发提供了有趣且非常有前途的潜力。由于集成光学涉及多种科学技术方面，其进步需要具有许多不同背景的研究人员的贡献。因此，对光学感兴趣的科学家、微波工程师、辐射和衍射专家，以及半导体、晶体、表面现象、材料科学和其他学科领域的物理学家，经常联合起来探索和应用发生在光学领域的光波现象。
The new area of integrated optics, which is now about six years old, has been based primarily on the fact that light waves can propagate through and be contained by very thin layers (films) of transparent materials. By combining such layers together and shaping them into appropriate configurations, integrated-optics technology has realized a large variety of components which can perform a wide range of operations on optical waves. Thus, light can be guided, modulated, deflected, filtered, radiated into space or, by using laser action, it can also be generated within a thin-film structure. These components are small and compact and they are expected to promote a variety of goals, of which the most promising is optical signal proccessing in optical communications. For this, as well as for other related applications, the aim is to develop integrated instrumentation and optical apparatus having miniature dimensions, which are expected to be accompanied by robust, durable and reliable construction, with low-power requirements. Other technological and scientific pursuits of integrated optics include new devices made possible by the development of thin-film structures having special properties, phenomena produced by the concentration of high intensity fields in thin films and effects due to the attendant enhancement of nonlinear and/or active properties of such films. Motivated by so many goals, a host of new fabrication techniques have been developed for both amorphous and crystalline materials. However, integrated optics has been stimulated most strongly by the fact that, after centuries of interest into optical phenomena requiring equipment of relatively large dimensions, the small scale and planar features of thin film components offer intriguing and very promising potentialities for both old and new areas of research and development. Because it involves a variety of scientific and technological facets, the advancement of integrated optics has needed contributions from investigators having many different backgrounds. Thus, scientists with interest in optics, microwave engineers, specialists in radiation and diffraction, as well as physicists in the areas of semiconductors, crystals, surface phenomena, material science and other disciplines, have often combined to explore and apply the optical wave phenomena occuring in