STRUCTURE OF PULMONARY ACINUS IN A CHILD OF 6 YEARS AND 8 MONTHS
STRUCTURE OF PULMONARY ACINUS IN A CHILD OF 6 YEARS AND 8 MONTHS
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DOI：
10.1002/aja.1001320302
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发表时间：
1971-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
BOYDEN, EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BOYDEN, EA
到目前为止，这是第一次从腔内和腔外观察肺腺泡的详细结构。大约200个连续的切片（x50）被绘制在透明的塑料板上，然后被视为半透明的物体，每包10个。该方法补充了蜡版和图像重建的整体和部分。肺腺泡是终末细支气管及其所有分支。本例中有三代呼吸性细支气管和二至五代以囊状结尾的肺泡管。该腺泡的体积为15.6 mm3，相当于一个边长为2.5 mm的立方体。两半（内侧和外侧半髋突）指间交叉。仅对横向影响进行了详细分析，占整体影响的53.4%。它由一个有三个不同图案的部分组成（即近端翼，延伸到结缔组织隔膜的远端翼和一个基本的外侧部分）；无菌部分位于隔膜上，由四对大小相间的肺泡管簇组成，其下半部分附有一簇小泡；以及在一个地方与相邻的腺泡相连的管道的两侧包络，从而揭示了第三种侧支通气模式。三年内重建的腺泡充满了许多变化，如扩张的心房和小囊、多余的结构、回流导管、不规则的分支和不同长度的气道。因此，它记录了早期生长时期的“空间争夺战”。知道了这种特殊的腺泡的模式，就有可能计算出末梢细支气管和末梢小囊之间的气体扩散速率，反之亦然。然而，没有两个腺泡在近端或远端是相同的印象仍然存在；因此，气体在活体周围气道中的扩散是否真的可以用精确的数学方法测量是值得怀疑的。
So far as known this is the first portrayal of the detailed structure of a pulmonary acinus as seen both from within its cavities and from without. Some 200 serial sections (× 50) were traced upon transparent plastic plates and then viewed as translucent objects in packets of ten. This method was supplemented by wax‐plate and graphic reconstructions of the whole and of its parts.The pulmonary acinus is a terminal bronchiole and all its branches. In this example there were three generations of respiratory bronchioles and from two to five generations of alveolar ducts ending in saccules. This acinus had a volume of 15.6 mm3, comparable to a cube measuring 2.5 mm on each side. The two halves (medial and lateral semiacini) interdigitated. Only the lateral, forming 53.4% of the whole, was analyzed in detail. It consisted of aroofhaving three portions with varying patterns (namely a proximal wing, a distal wing extending to the connective tissue septum, and a rudimentary lateral component); aseptal portionresting on the septum and consisting of four pairs of alternating small and large clusters of alveolar ducts, to the lower half of which acluster of vesicleswas appended; and apaired lateral envelopeof ducts which in one place communicated with an adjacent acinus, thereby revealing a third mode of collateral ventilation.This acinus, reconstructed over a period of three years, is replete with numerous variations such as dilated atria and saccules, supernumerary structures, recurrent ducts, irregular branches and differing lengths of airways. Thus, it records the “fight for space” in earlier periods of growth. Knowing the pattern of this particular acinus, it has been possible to calculate the rate of diffusion of gases between the terminal bronchiole and the peripheral saccules, andvice versa. Yet the impression persists that no two acini are alike in either proximal or distal portions; therefore, it is questionable whether diffusion of gases in the peripheral airways of the living individual are really subject to precise mathematical measurement.