Ups and downs of non-native and native stream-dwelling salmonids: Lessons from two contrasting rivers
Ups and downs of non-native and native stream-dwelling salmonids: Lessons from two contrasting rivers
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非本地和本地溪流鲑鱼的兴衰：两条对比鲜明的河流的教训
DOI：
10.1111/1440-1703.12288
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kentaro Morita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
山野目章夫;白石大;石綿はる美;都筑満雄;根本尚徳;李采雨;垣内 秀介;大塚直;嶋矢貴之;Fumiko Masuda;徳永光;Takashi Araki;高橋有紀;松元暢子;山口斉昭;深町晋也;垣内 秀介;嶋矢貴之;山城一真;二杉健斗;Kentaro Morita
淡水河流和湖泊由于靠近人类居住区，特别容易受到人为干扰。对淡水的人为影响包括水坝、水污染、渠道化和入侵物种造成的影响。保护淡水生物多样性的一项常见行动是补充或重新引入灭绝的物种，尽管这些努力的好处存在争议。在水坝上安装鱼道和清除外来入侵物种也导致了本地物种的恢复。本文介绍了日本两条河流中鲑鱼的长期监测结果。第一个案例涉及大坝上方的一条河流，大坝建设后，本地白点红点鲑（Salvelinus leucomaenis）和马苏鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus masou）的数量迅速下降，非本地虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykisss）和褐鳟鱼（Salmo trutta）的数量增加，而本地马苏鲑鱼的放养并不成功。第二个案例涉及一条以前以非本地虹鳟鱼为主的河流，在清除非本地物种和安装鱼道后，本地多利瓦尔登鲑鱼、Salvelinus curilus 和马苏鲑鱼的数量增加。结果显示，马苏鲑鱼在一条河流中自然恢复，它们曾经在没有放养的情况下被完全灭绝。由于鲑科鱼是洄游鱼类，当在当地灭绝时，它们会返回出生地河流，因此人们通常认为有必要进行人工干预来放养或重新引入它们。然而，如果阻碍物种自我恢复能力的因素被消除，野生动物的恢复就不需要放养或重新引入。
Freshwater rivers and lakes are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance because of their proximity to human occupation. Anthropogenic impacts in fresh water include those caused by dams, water pollution, channelization, and invasive species. One common action to conserve freshwater biodiversity involves supplementing or reintroducing extirpated species, though the benefits of these efforts are controversial. Installation of fishways to dams and removal of invasive alien species has also resulted in recovery of native species. Herein results of long‐term monitoring of salmonids in two rivers in Japan are presented. The first case involves a river above a dam where native white‐spotted charrSalvelinus leucomaenisand masu salmonOncorhynchus masoudeclined rapidly in number following dam construction, where non‐native rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykissand brown troutSalmo truttaincreased in number, and where stocking of native masu salmon was unsuccessful. The second case involves a river formerly dominated by non‐native rainbow trout, in which native Dolly Varden charrSalvelinus curilusand masu salmon increased in numbers following removal of non‐native species and fishway installation. Results reveal natural recovery of masu salmon in a river within which they were once completely extirpated, without stocking. Because salmonids are migratory fish and return to natal rivers, when locally extinct, human intervention to stock or reintroduce them has often been deemed necessary. However, restoration of wildlife would not require stocking or reintroduction if factors that impede the self‐recovery capability of species are removed.