An overview of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, with a focus on the United States.
An overview of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, with a focus on the United States.
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全球艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行情况概述，重点关注美国。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Gayle
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文献类型：
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作者：
H. Gayle
艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病是全球性的人类悲剧，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲。这一流行病在人们生命的最初阶段就影响到他们，从高危人群到更广泛的社会各阶层。自该流行病开始以来，已有4 700多万成人和儿童受到感染，1 880多万人死亡。全球95%以上的艾滋病病例发生在发展中国家，印度和欧洲的成年人患病率不到1%，几个非洲国家超过10%。全球绝大多数感染是通过无保护的性交获得的，至少70%是由异性性交引起的。自艾滋病开始流行以来，美国疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）已经报告了超过733，374例艾滋病病例，超过430，000人死亡。报告的艾滋病病例中，同性恋和双性恋男子的人数和比例最高。这一趋势今天仍在继续，尽管少数种族和族裔、妇女和青年的感染比例越来越高。南部艾滋病患者最多，其次是东北部。全球某些地区的情况正在改善，但即使明天就能完全制止艾滋病毒的传播，其长期的健康、社会和经济后果将是毁灭性的，一直持续到世纪。这一流行病的规模和持续的爆炸性感染危险，加上世界各区域的经济和基础设施现实，使预防成为唯一现实的办法。
The HIV/AIDS epidemic is a global human tragedy, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The pandemic affects people in the primer of their lives moving from at-risk populations to broader cross-sections of society. There have been more than 47 million adults and children infected since the beginning of the epidemic, and more than 18.8 million people have died. Over 95% of the global total of all AIDS cases are in the developing world, with prevalence among adults at less than 1% in India and Europe, to more than 10% in several African countries. The overwhelming majority of all infections globally are acquired through unprotected sexual intercourse, with at least 70% resulting from heterosexual intercourse. There have been more than 733,374 AIDS cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the US since the beginning of the epidemic, and more than 430,000 deaths. The largest number and proportion of AIDS cases reported have occurred among gay and bisexual men. This trend continues today, although racial and ethnic minorities, women, and youth are becoming infected in increasing proportions. The south has the most people living with AIDS, followed by the north-east. The global situation is improving in some areas, but even if all HIV transmission could be completely stopped tomorrow, the long-term health, social and economic consequences will be devastating well into the 21st century. The magnitude of the epidemic and the continuing explosive risk of infection, coupled with the economic and infrastructural realities of the regions of the world, make prevention the only realistic approach.