Globalization, Brain Drain, and Development
Globalization, Brain Drain, and Development
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DOI：
10.1257/jel.50.3.681
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
12.6
通讯作者：
Rapoport, Hillel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Docquier, Frederic;Rapoport, Hillel
本文回顾了四十年来关于人才外流的经济学研究，重点是最近的贡献和发展问题。我们首先评估人才外流的规模、强度和决定因素，表明人才外流（或高技能）移徙正在成为国际移徙的主要模式和全球化的一个主要方面。然后，我们使用程式化的增长模型来分析人才流失影响输出国的各种渠道，并审查这些渠道的证据。最近的经验文献表明，高技能移民不一定会耗尽一个国家的人力资本存量，而且可以产生积极的网络外部效应。三个案例研究也被认为是：非洲医疗人才外流，欧洲科学家外流到美国，印度侨民在印度的信息技术部门的发展中的作用。最后，我们讨论了在全球范围内的教育，移民和国际税收政策的分析的影响。(JEL F02、F22、J24、J61、O15）
This paper reviews four decades of economics research on the brain drain, with a focus on recent contributions and on development issues. We first assess the magnitude, intensity, and determinants of the brain drain, showing that brain drain (or high-skill) migration is becoming a dominant pattern of international migration and a major aspect of globalization. We then use a stylized growth model to analyze the various channels through which a brain drain affects the sending countries and review the evidence on these channels. The recent empirical literature shows that high-skill emigration need not deplete a country's human capital stock and can generate positive network externalities. Three case studies are also considered: the African medical brain drain, the exodus of European scientists to the United States, and the role of the Indian diaspora in the development of India's information technology sector. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the analysis for education, immigration, and international taxation policies in a global context. (JEL F02, F22, J24, J61, O15)