Some Observations on the “Seventeenth-Century Crisis” in China and Japan
Some Observations on the “Seventeenth-Century Crisis” in China and Japan
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DOI：
10.2307/2055842
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发表时间：
1986-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Atwell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Atwell
30多年来，学者们一直在争论世纪欧洲社会、经济和政治史上是否发生了“普遍危机”。这场争论远未结束，但它的一个令人高兴的副作用是，17世纪的西班牙、法国或英国的学生现在很少满足于完全孤立地研究他们所选择的国家。事实上，人们普遍认为，为了充分理解欧洲历史，需要从国际视角研究近代早期欧洲历史的许多方面。笔者认为，近代中国和日本也是如此。尽管明朝和德川幕府有着截然不同的经济、社会和政治制度，但它们在世纪中期经历了一系列问题，这些问题与世界其他地区同时发生的问题既相互关联，又惊人地相似。
For more than three decades now, scholars have been debating whether or not a “general crisis” occurred in European social, economic, and political history during the seventeenth century. The debate is far from over, but one of its happy side effects has been that students of seventeenth-century Spain, France, or England now are rarely satisfied to study their chosen countries in total isolation. Indeed, it is generally agreed that many aspects of European history during the early-modern period need to be studied from an international perspective in order to be understood fully. The author maintains that the same is true for early-modern China and Japan. Although they had radically different economic, social, and political systems, the Ming dynasty and Tokugawa shogunate experienced a number of problems during the midseventeenth century that were at once interrelated and strikingly similar to those occurring in other parts of the world at the same time.