Approaches Used to Evaluate the Social Impacts of Protected Areas
Approaches Used to Evaluate the Social Impacts of Protected Areas
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DOI：
10.1111/conl.12223
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Milner-Gulland, E. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Lange, Emiel;Woodhouse, Emily;Milner-Gulland, E. J.
保护区是保护生物多样性的关键战略，迫切需要评估其社会影响。尽管发展干预措施的社会影响得到了广泛评估，但保护文献有限且缺乏方法指导。通过系统文献检索，找到了 95 项相关研究，我们评估了用于评估保护区社会影响的方法。超过一半的研究使用了混合方法。几乎所有研究都报告了幸福感的物质方面，尤其是收入；大约一半的研究还包括其他方面。大多数研究都提供了概况，只有一项研究采用了前后对照干预设计。一半的研究报告了受访者对影响的看法，而 1/3 的案例中的影响则归因于研究人员的推断。尽管此类研究的数量正在迅速增加，但过去 15 年中使用的方法或研究作者（主要是学术界）几乎没有变化。如果要真实了解保护对当地人民的影响，最近对社会影响评估最佳实践的理解需要转化为实践。
Protected areas are a key strategy in conserving biodiversity, and there is a pressing need to evaluate their social impacts. Though the social impacts of development interventions are widely assessed, the conservation literature is limited and methodological guidance is lacking. Using a systematic literature search, which found 95 relevant studies, we assessed the methods used to evaluate the social impacts of protected areas. Mixed methods were used by more than half of the studies. Almost all studies reported material aspects of wellbeing, particularly income; other aspects were included in around half of studies. The majority of studies provided a snapshot, with only one employing a before-after-control-intervention design. Half of studies reported respondent perceptions of impacts, while impact was attributed from researcher inference in 1/3 of cases. Although the number of such studies is increasing rapidly, there has been little change in the approaches used over the last 15 years, or in the authorship of studies, which is predominantly academics. Recent improvements in understanding of best practice in social impact evaluation need to be translated into practice if a true picture of the effects of conservation on local people is to be obtained.