Polarity establishment by Cdc42: Key roles for positive feedback and differential mobility.
Polarity establishment by Cdc42: Key roles for positive feedback and differential mobility.
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DOI：
10.1080/21541248.2016.1275370
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lew, Daniel J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Woods, Benjamin;Lew, Daniel J
细胞的极性是大多数细胞功能的基础。控制细胞极性的进化保守的分子机制集中在与CDC42相关的GTP酶家族上。Cdc42被激活并集中在极性位置，但在酵母模型系统中的研究导致了对极化机制的争议。在这里，我们回顾了最近的研究，澄清了酵母中的CdC42是如何极化的。一方面，这些发现似乎支持肌动蛋白细胞骨架和囊泡运输在极性建立中的关键作用，现在似乎反映了细胞骨架扰动诱导的应激反应通路的作用。另一方面，新的发现有力地支持了关于极化机制的假说，该假说的起源可以追溯到数学家艾伦·图灵。酵母中的极性建立机制的关键特征包括：活性Cdc42向极性位置招募CDC42激活剂的正反馈途径，以及极性激活剂和底物的不同迁移率。
Cell polarity is fundamental to the function of most cells. The evolutionarily conserved molecular machinery that controls cell polarity is centered on a family of GTPases related to Cdc42. Cdc42 becomes activated and concentrated at polarity sites, but studies in yeast model systems led to controversy on the mechanisms of polarization. Here we review recent studies that have clarified how Cdc42 becomes polarized in yeast. On one hand, findings that appeared to support a key role for the actin cytoskeleton and vesicle traffic in polarity establishment now appear to reflect the action of stress response pathways induced by cytoskeletal perturbations. On the other hand, new findings strongly support hypotheses on the polarization mechanism whose origins date back to the mathematician Alan Turing. The key features of the polarity establishment mechanism in yeasts include a positive feedback pathway in which active Cdc42 recruits a Cdc42 activator to polarity sites, and differential mobility of polarity "activators" and "substrates."