Agricultural exposures and cancer
Agricultural exposures and cancer
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DOI：
10.2307/3432311
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发表时间：
1995-11-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Zahm, SH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blair, A;Zahm, SH
本报告的目的是审查文献中的癌症在农业就业的人，这条线的研究的价值，并建议未来的方向。农民，尽管死亡率普遍较好，但似乎经历了几种癌症的发病率升高，包括白血病，非霍奇金淋巴瘤，多发性骨髓瘤，软组织肉瘤，以及皮肤癌，唇癌，胃癌，脑癌和前列腺癌。这些肿瘤中的几种的比率（即，非何杰金氏淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、皮肤、脑和前列腺）的发病率似乎在一般人群中增加。没有一套确定的病因学因素可以解释在农民中观察到的所有癌症过度，尽管有几个与自然发生或医学诱导的免疫缺陷有关。这表明农业环境中可能存在导致免疫系统缺陷的因素。农民暴露于各种可能通过这种机制起作用的物质，包括杀虫剂、发动机废气、溶剂、灰尘和人畜共患微生物。研究进一步描述农民、其家属和农场工人的癌症风险，并确定可能涉及的暴露，不仅有助于在农业中提供安全的工作环境，而且可能对一般人群中发病率上升的一些肿瘤的原因提供相当深入的了解。
The purpose of this report is to review the literature on cancer among persons employed in agriculture, to characterize the value of this line of research, and to recommend future directions. Farmers, despite a generally favorable mortality, appear to experience elevated rates for several cancers, including leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, soft-tissue sarcoma, and cancers of the skin, lip, stomach, brain, and prostate. The rates for several of these tumors (i.e., non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, skin, brain, and prostate) appear to be increasing in the general population. No set of established etiologic factors explains all the cancer excesses observed among farmers, although several are associated with naturally occurring or medically induced immunodeficiencies. This suggests that there may be factors in the agricultural environment that introduce immune system deficiencies. Farmers are exposed to a variety of substances that could operate through this mechanism, including pesticides, engine exhausts, solvents, dusts, and zoonotic microbes. Studies to further characterize the cancer risk among farmers, their dependents, and farm laborers, and to identify the exposures that may be involved would not only be useful in providing a safe work environment in agriculture but may furnish considerable insight into the causes for a number of tumors that are rising in incidence in the general population.