The Contribution of Thalamocortical Core and Matrix Pathways to Sleep Spindles.
The Contribution of Thalamocortical Core and Matrix Pathways to Sleep Spindles.
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DOI：
10.1155/2016/3024342
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Cash SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Piantoni G;Halgren E;Cash SS
睡眠纺锤波是由丘脑和皮层神经元的相互作用产生的。丘脑网状核（TRN）中的神经元抑制丘脑皮质神经元，这反过来又兴奋TRN和皮质神经元。丘脑皮质投射的解剖组织的一个基本原则是存在两个途径：弥漫性基质途径和空间选择性核心途径。皮质层被这两种通路不同地靶向，其中基质投射突触在表层中，核心投射撞击在中间层上。基于这一解剖学观察，我们提出纺锤体可以分为两类，那些来自核心途径和那些来自基质途径，虽然这并不排除这样一个事实，即一些纺锤体可能同时结合两种途径联合收割机。我们在EEG/MEG研究、颅内记录和包含这种差异的计算模型中找到了这一假设的证据。这种区别将被证明是有用的占多功能归因于纺锤体，在不同类型的纺锤体可能会对本地和广泛的空间尺度。由于癫痫和精神分裂症中纺锤体机制经常被劫持，因此本文提出的分类可能为确定这些神经系统疾病中哪些通路出错提供有价值的信息。
Sleep spindles arise from the interaction of thalamic and cortical neurons. Neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) inhibit thalamocortical neurons, which in turn excite the TRN and cortical neurons. A fundamental principle of anatomical organization of the thalamocortical projections is the presence of two pathways: the diffuse matrix pathway and the spatially selective core pathway. Cortical layers are differentially targeted by these two pathways with matrix projections synapsing in superficial layers and core projections impinging on middle layers. Based on this anatomical observation, we propose that spindles can be classified into two classes, those arising from the core pathway and those arising from the matrix pathway, although this does not exclude the fact that some spindles might combine both pathways at the same time. We find evidence for this hypothesis in EEG/MEG studies, intracranial recordings, and computational models that incorporate this difference. This distinction will prove useful in accounting for the multiple functions attributed to spindles, in that spindles of different types might act on local and widespread spatial scales. Because spindle mechanisms are often hijacked in epilepsy and schizophrenia, the classification proposed in this review might provide valuable information in defining which pathways have gone awry in these neurological disorders.