A Complex Adaptive System Approach on Logistics - Implications of adopting a complexity perspective
A Complex Adaptive System Approach on Logistics - Implications of adopting a complexity perspective
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物流复杂自适应系统方法 - 采用复杂性视角的影响
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fredrik Nilsson
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文献类型：
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作者：
Fredrik Nilsson
寻求发展物流学科，具有更多的理论基础，是几位作者强调和呼吁的。今天，人们可以说，大多数关于物流的研究都与实证主义范式有很强的联系，实证主义范式非常强调预测，合理性和控制。为了挑战常见的假设和发展物流学科，知识创造的过程，即认识论的考虑，是中心。由于范式是由本体论和认识论的元理论假设构成的，因此范式问题是改变物流学科参照系的关键。这篇学位论文的总体目的是提出一种基于复杂性科学的范式观点和实用方法，有助于物流学科的进一步发展。本文主要采用了两种研究方法：一种侧重于我的主要研究方法，即我对该领域相关文献的研究，另一种侧重于已经进行的实证导向的案例研究。本文提出的范式观点是基于复杂性科学的见解。关于如何接近和转移从我们感知的现实中获得的知识的假设，在进行研究时驱动方法的选择，当然，对从任何研究过程中获得和呈现的结果有很大的影响。采用复杂性的观点意味着远离常见的实证主义影响的观点，这主导了物流学科，并在研究过程中采用不同的假设和前提条件来接近感兴趣的现象。这组假设与本文开发的复杂适应系统（CAS）平台是一致的。CAS平台是拟议的务实方法的基础。所提出的平台的第一个属性，即覆盖内部属性的CAS功能，是至关重要的，以充分掌握所研究的系统的复杂性，并了解它是从哪里来的。建议的务实方法意味着考虑到正在进行的研究的最小要素和相关因素。从这种内部方法中，研究者或实践者的心态在这种方法可能揭示所研究问题的情况下非常重要。为了捕捉涌现现象，并在不同的描述层次上识别自组织，我们需要对背景的感知是“灰色的”;这不是把背景看作是静态或稳定的东西，也不是完全迷失方向和无法控制的东西。隐喻描述的健身景观，共同进化和持续变化所造成的行动所进行的内部和外部的感知系统的研究，可能是有益的研究过程中。之所以如此，是因为过多地减少各种因素可能导致“远离现实”的解决办法。务实方法的基本方面是自下而上的视角，其中考虑与特定物流问题相关的最小元素，由此建立的系统，当然，与基于科学的范式观点保持一致复杂性。（减）
The quest of developing the logistics discipline, with a more theoretical foundation, is something several authors have emphasized and called for. Today one could argue that most of the research on logistics has a strong connection to the positivistic paradigm where there is a great emphasis on prediction, rationality and control in the solutions produced. In order to challenge the common assumptions and develop the logistics discipline, the process of knowledge creation i.e. the epistemological considerations, are central. Since a paradigm consists of metatheoretical assumptions i.e. ontology and epistemology, the paradigmatic question is the key in order to change the frame of reference of the logistics discipline. The overall purpose of this licentiate thesis is to propose a paradigmatic view and a pragmatic approach based on the science of complexity that contribute to the further development of the logistics discipline. Two main methods have been used; one focusing on my main research method, which is my study of literature related to the field, and the other on the empirically oriented case studies that have been conducted The paradigmatic view proposed in this thesis is based on insights gained from the science of complexity. Assumptions made concerning how to approach and transfer knowledge attained from our perceived reality, drive the choices of methods when conducting research and have, of course, great influence on the results obtained and presented from any research process. Adopting a complexity perspective means taking a step away from the common positivistic influenced view, which dominates the logistics discipline, and approaching the phenomena of interest with a different set of assumptions and prerequisites in the research process. This set of assumptions is in line with the complex adaptive system (CAS) platform developed in the thesis. The CAS platform is the foundation for the proposed pragmatic approach. The first properties of the proposed platform i.e. the CAS feature covering internal properties, are of central importance in order to grasp fully the complexity of a studied system and to understand where it is derived from. The proposed pragmatic approach means vi taking into consideration the smallest elements of, and agents relevant to, the study being conducted. From this internal approach the mindset of the researcher or practitioner is of great importance in the event of what such an approach might reveal about the problem being studied. In order to capture emergent phenomena and identify self-organization on different levels of description, we need a perception of the context as being “gray”; that is not considering the context as something which is static or stable, nor as something totally disoriented and uncontrollable. The metaphorical description of a fitness landscape where coevolution and continuous changes caused by the actions performed by agents inside and outside the perceived system under study, could be beneficial in the research process. This is the case since too many reductions of various factors could result in “far-from-reality” based solutions. The fundamental aspects of the pragmatic approach are a bottom-up perspective, where the smallest elements relevant to a certain logistics problem are considered, the system built up from this and, of course, an alignment with the paradigmatic view based on the science of complexity. (Less)