Categorization of natural movements by pigeons: Visual concept discrimination and biological motion
Categorization of natural movements by pigeons: Visual concept discrimination and biological motion
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1998.70-281
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发表时间：
1998-11-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Gurr, PR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dittrich, WH;Lea, SEG;Gurr, PR
在三个实验中，鸽子被暴露在一个有区别的自动塑造过程中，在这个过程中，在录像带上呈现的运动刺激类别与强化有不同的联系。所有的刺激都描绘了鸽子做出明确的反应。在实验1中，一个类别包括几个不同的啄食场景，另一个类别包括行走、飞行、头部运动或静止不动的场景。4只鸟中有4只在啄食场景为积极刺激的情况下成功识别，而在啄食场景为消极刺激的4只鸟中只有1只成功识别。在积极的啄食行为组中，出现四种消极行为时的啄食率存在差异，并且这些差异在受试者之间是一致的。实验2只使用行走和啄食类别；一些但不是所有的鸟都学会了这种区分，无论哪种分类是积极的，这些鸟表现出对新刺激的一些转移，在新刺激中，相同的动作只由少数点光表示（约翰逊的“生物运动”显示）。在实验3中，利用点光显示训练了对啄食和行走运动类别的区分。8只鸟中有4只识别成功，但无法展示完全详细的显示。实验1和实验3采用假概念控制组，即在正、负刺激集合中同时使用相同运动类别的场景。在这些条件下训练的8只鸽子都没有表现出区别反应。结果表明，鸽子在运动线索的基础上对运动刺激的反应是不同的。
In three experiments, pigeons were exposed to a discriminated autoshaping procedure in which categories of moving stimuli, presented on videotape, were differentially associated with reinforcement. Ail stimuli depicted pigeons making defined responses. In Experiment 1, one category consisted of several different scenes of pecking and the other consisted of scenes of walking, flying, head movements, or standing still. Four of the 4 birds for which pecking scenes were positive stimuli discriminated successfully, whereas only 1 of the 4 for which pecking was the negative category did so. In the pecking-positive group, there were differences between the pecking rates in the presence of the four negative actions, and these differences were consistent across subjects. In Experiment 2, only the categories of walking and pecking were used; some but not all birds learned this discrimination, whichever category was positive, and these birds showed some transfer to new stimuli in which the same movements were represented only by a small number of point lights (Johansson's "biological motion" displays). In Experiment 3, discriminations between pecking and walking movement categories using point-light displays were trained. Four of the 8 birds discriminated successfully but transfer to fully detailed displays could nor be demonstrated. Pseudoconcept control groups, in which scenes from the same categories of motion were used in both the positive and negative stimulus sets, were used in Experiments 1 and 3. None of the 8 pigeons trained under these conditions showed discriminative responding. The results suggest that pigeons can respond differentially to moving stimuli on the basis of movement cues alone.