X chromosome inactivation in the cycle of life
X chromosome inactivation in the cycle of life
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DOI：
10.1242/dev.069328
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发表时间：
2012-06-15
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Gribnau, Joost
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barakat, Tahsin Stefan;Gribnau, Joost
雌性哺乳动物细胞沉默其两条X染色体中的一条，导致雌性XX和雄性XY细胞中X编码基因的表达水平相等。在小鼠中，雌性细胞中的X染色体经历了失活和重新激活的连续步骤。根据发育时间窗，启动印记或随机X染色体失活（XCI），这两个过程导致克隆遗传的失活X染色体。在这里，我们回顾了新的见解XCI的生命周期，并提供了一个概述的机制调节X失活和再激活。
Female mammalian cells silence one of their two X chromosomes, resulting in equal expression levels of X-encoded genes in female XX and male XY cells. In mice, the X chromosomes in female cells go through sequential steps of inactivation and reactivation. Depending on the developmental time window, imprinted or random X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is initiated, and both processes lead to an inactive X chromosome that is clonally inherited. Here, we review new insights into the life cycle of XCI and provide an overview of the mechanisms regulating X inactivation and reactivation.