Overview of recent advances in thermo-chemical conversion of biomass.
Overview of recent advances in thermo-chemical conversion of biomass.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enconman.2009.11.038
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发表时间：
2010-05
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Linghong Zhang;C. Xu;P. Champagne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Linghong Zhang;C. Xu;P. Champagne
生物质能源，生物能源，是未来替代化石燃料的一种有前景的能源，因为它是丰富的，清洁的，二氧化碳中性的。生物质可以直接燃烧以产生热量和电力，并且通过热化学和生物化学过程，它可以转化为固体形式的生物燃料（例如，木炭），液体（例如，生物油，甲醇和乙醇），和气体（例如，甲烷和氢气），其可进一步用于热和发电。本文综述了生物质能源生产的四种基本热化学过程（燃烧、热解、气化和液化）的原理、反应和应用，以及这些技术的最新进展。介绍了生物质与煤或天然气共烧/共燃、快速热解、等离子体气化和超临界水气化等先进的热化学工艺。讨论了这些工艺的优缺点、未来应用的潜力和面临的挑战。生物质与煤混烧是大规模生产生物质能最简单、最经济的方法。快速热解已经引起了人们的注意，因为它是迄今为止唯一工业上可用的生产生物油的技术。等离子体技术由于其对任何形式废物的高破坏和还原效率，在危险废物处理方面具有巨大的应用潜力。超临界水气化是一种很有前途的生物质制氢方法，特别是高水分的生物质。
Energy from biomass, bioenergy, is a perspective source to replace fossil fuels in the future, as it is abundant, clean, and carbon dioxide neutral. Biomass can be combusted directly to generate heat and electricity, and by means of thermo-chemical and bio-chemical processes it can be converted into bio-fuels in the forms of solid (e.g., charcoal), liquid (e.g., bio-oils, methanol and ethanol), and gas (e.g., methane and hydrogen), which can be used further for heat and power generation. This paper provides an overview of the principles, reactions, and applications of four fundamental thermo-chemical processes (combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and liquefaction) for bioenergy production, as well as recent developments in these technologies. Some advanced thermo-chemical processes, including co-firing/co-combustion of biomass with coal or natural gas, fast pyrolysis, plasma gasification and supercritical water gasification, are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages, potential for future applications and challenges of these processes are discussed. The co-firing of biomass and coal is the easiest and most economical approach for the generation of bioenergy on a large-sale. Fast pyrolysis has attracted attention as it is to date the only industrially available technology for the production of bio-oils. Plasma techniques, due to their high destruction and reduction efficiencies for any form of waste, have great application potential for hazardous waste treatment. Supercritical water gasification is a promising approach for hydrogen generation from biomass feedstocks, especially those with high moisture contents.