Adaptive associations among life history, reproductive traits, environment, and origin in the Wisconsin angiosperm flora
Adaptive associations among life history, reproductive traits, environment, and origin in the Wisconsin angiosperm flora
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DOI：
10.1002/ajb2.1578
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发表时间：
2020-12-14
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Sytsma, Kenneth J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Givnish, Thomas J.;Kriebel, Ricardo;Sytsma, Kenneth J.
我们测试了25个关于性状-起源、性状-性状和性状-环境关系的经典和新颖假设，以解释美国威斯康星州大多数原生被子植物（96.6%，或1494/1547种）和引进被子植物（87.5%，或690/789种）在生活史、习性，特别是生殖性状方面的多样性。方法收集不同物种在开放/封闭/混合生境的生活史、习性、开花、传播、交配系统和发生情况。我们使用系统发育结构分析来评估我们的模型预测的关联的强度和统计意义。结果引种多为一年生草本植物，生境开阔，花大，视觉上明显，雌雄同体，种子被动分散。在本地种中，雌雄同体与更大，更明显的花有关；单性花序与小而不明显的花和被动的种子传播有关；雌雄异株与小而不显眼的花和肉质的果实有关。更大的花和更明显的颜色在开放的生境中更常见，在开放（春季）树冠下开花的林下物种；肉质的果实在封闭的栖息地更常见。风媒传粉可能有利于开放生境中的雌雄异株。这些发现支持了育种系统如何依赖于花的大小、颜色和果实类型，以及这些性状如何依赖于栖息地的预测。本研究首次将植物系统发育与完整的性状数据库和系统发育结构分析相结合，为生殖性状及其随地理来源、相互差异和环境条件的变化提供了强有力的进化假设测试。
Premise We tested 25 classic and novel hypotheses regarding trait-origin, trait-trait, and trait-environment relationships to account for flora-wide variation in life history, habit, and especially reproductive traits using a plastid DNA phylogeny of most native (96.6%, or 1494/1547 species) and introduced (87.5%, or 690/789 species) angiosperms in Wisconsin, USA.Methods We assembled data on life history, habit, flowering, dispersal, mating system, and occurrence across open/closed/mixed habitats across species in the state phylogeny. We used phylogenetically structured analyses to assess the strength and statistical significance of associations predicted by our models.Results Introduced species are more likely to be annual herbs, occupy open habitats, have large, visually conspicuous, hermaphroditic flowers, and bear passively dispersed seeds. Among native species, hermaphroditism is associated with larger, more conspicuous flowers; monoecy is associated with small, inconspicuous flowers and passive seed dispersal; and dioecy is associated with small, inconspicuous flowers and fleshy fruits. Larger flowers with more conspicuous colors are more common in open habitats, and in understory species flowering under open (spring) canopies; fleshy fruits are more common in closed habitats. Wind pollination may help favor dioecy in open habitats.Conclusions These findings support predictions regarding how breeding systems depend on flower size, flower color, and fruit type, and how those traits depend on habitat. This study is the first to combine flora-wide phylogenies with complete trait databases and phylogenetically structured analyses to provide powerful tests of evolutionary hypotheses about reproductive traits and their variation with geographic source, each other, and environmental conditions.