Assessing nature ’ s contributions to people Recognizing culture , and diverse sources of knowledge , can improve assessments
Assessing nature ’ s contributions to people Recognizing culture , and diverse sources of knowledge , can improve assessments
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评估自然对人类的贡献认识文化和多样化的知识来源可以改进评估
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
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通讯作者：
S. Lindley
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Schröter;E. Bukvareva;K. Davies;P. Failler;C. Guerra;S. Lindley
P H O T O：D IN O D IA P H O T O / G E T T Y I M A G E S今天和未来的一个主要挑战是保持或增强自然对所有人良好生活质量的有益贡献。这是生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台（IPBES）的主要动机之一，该平台是各国政府、学术界和民间社会的一项全球联合努力，旨在评估和促进对地球生物多样性和生态系统及其对人类社会的贡献的了解，以便为政策制定提供信息。政府间科学政策平台概念框架（1）的最新关键要素之一是大自然对人类的贡献概念，该概念建立在千年生态系统评估（MA）推广的生态系统服务概念（2）的基础上。但正如我们在下文详述的那样，在科学政策平台中定义和付诸实践的NCP在几个重要方面与早期的工作不同。第一，国家联络点的方法承认文化在界定人与自然之间的所有联系方面发挥的中心和普遍作用。第二，使用NCP提升、强调和落实土著和地方知识在理解自然对人类的贡献方面的作用。政府间科学政策平台的广泛职权范围要求它吸收广泛的利益攸关方参与，从自然科学、社会科学、人文科学和工程科学到土著人民和当地社区，世界上大部分生物多样性都在这些地区。作为一个政府间机构，这种包容性不仅对增进知识至关重要，而且对评估结果的政治合法性也至关重要（3）。
P H O T O : D IN O D IA P H O T O / G E T T Y I M A G E S A major challenge today and into the future is to maintain or enhance beneficial contributions of nature to a good quality of life for all people. This is among the key motivations of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), a joint global effort by governments, academia, and civil society to assess and promote knowledge of Earth’s biodiversity and ecosystems and their contribution to human societies in order to inform policy formulation. One of the more recent key elements of the IPBES conceptual framework (1) is the notion of nature’s contributions to people (NCP), which builds on the ecosystem service concept popularized by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) (2). But as we detail below, NCP as defined and put into practice in IPBES differs from earlier work in several important ways. First, the NCP approach recognizes the central and pervasive role that culture plays in defining all links between people and nature. Second, use of NCP elevates, emphasizes, and operationalizes the role of indigenous and local knowledge in understanding nature’s contribution to people. The broad remit of IPBES requires it to engage a wide range of stakeholders, spanning from natural, social, humanistic, and engineering sciences to indigenous peoples and local communities in whose territories lie much of the world’s biodiversity. Being an intergovernmental body, such inclusiveness is essential not only for advancing knowledge but also for the political legitimacy of assessment findings (3).