The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is non-randomly distributed across amphibian breeding habitats
The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is non-randomly distributed across amphibian breeding habitats
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00394.x
复制
发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Hero, Jean-Marc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kriger, Kerry M.;Hero, Jean-Marc
壶菌属真菌Batrachochytrium dendrobatim被认为是导致世界范围内大量死亡、种群下降和河流繁殖两栖动物物种灭绝的病原体。而限制B.虽然对大面积地理区域的树孢霉的分布情况了解得相当清楚，但对真菌在局部区域（如个别集水区）内的分布情况知之甚少。准确识别可能暴露于真菌的两栖动物种群是有效的疾病管理的迫切需要。我们在澳大利亚东南部昆士兰州对代表五个生态公会的青蛙进行了疾病调查，并假设如果B。树蛙是河流繁殖两栖动物种群消失的原因，在永久流动的水中繁殖的青蛙中感染率和强度最高。总的来说，我们抽样的519只青蛙中有30.3%感染了B。树枝状的然而，感染并不均匀分布在整个生态公会，几乎完全限于青蛙在永久水体繁殖。其中，溪流养殖者比池塘养殖者更容易被感染，尽管青蛙感染的强度在两个公会之间没有显著差异。在临时池塘、临时溪流或陆地站点发现的117只青蛙中，仅在一只青蛙身上检测到了Batrachochytrium dendrobaerum。这些发现为B.近几十年来，树栖两栖动物造成了许多河流繁殖的两栖动物种群的不明原因的失踪，这将使野生动物管理人员能够更准确地将保护工作集中在那些疾病相关下降风险最高的物种上。
The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been implicated as the causative agent of mass mortalities, population declines, and the extinctions of stream-breeding amphibian species worldwide. While the factors that limit the distribution and abundance of B. dendrobatidis across large geographical regions are fairly well understood, little is known about the distribution of the fungus within localized areas such as individual catchments. The accurate identification of amphibian populations likely to be exposed to the fungus is urgently required for effective disease management. We conducted disease surveys of frogs representing five ecological guilds in south-east Queensland, Australia, and hypothesized that if B. dendrobatidis were responsible for the disappearance of stream-breeding amphibian populations, infection prevalence and intensity would be greatest in frogs breeding in permanent, flowing water. Overall, 30.3% of the 519 frogs we sampled were infected with B. dendrobatidis. However, infections were not evenly distributed across the ecological guilds, being almost completely restricted to frogs breeding at permanent waterbodies. Of these, stream breeders were significantly more likely to be infected than were pond breeders, though the intensity of frogs' infections did not differ significantly between the two guilds. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was detected on only one of the 117 frogs that were found at ephemeral ponds, ephemeral streams, or terrestrial sites. These findings provide strong support for the hypothesis that B. dendrobatidis was responsible for many of the unexplained disappearances of stream-breeding amphibian populations in recent decades, and will enable wildlife managers to more accurately focus conservation efforts on those species at highest risk of diseaserelated decline.