How risk is perceived, constructed and interpreted by clients in clinical genetics, and the effects on decision making: systematic review.
How risk is perceived, constructed and interpreted by clients in clinical genetics, and the effects on decision making: systematic review.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10897-007-9132-1
复制
发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Edwards, Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sivell, Stephanie;Elwyn, Glyn;Edwards, Adrian
由于个人对其遗传风险的理解可能会影响风险管理决策，因此了解风险构建和解释的方式非常重要。我们系统地回顾了文献，对59项研究进行了叙述性综合，这些研究提供了个人感知、构建和解释风险的方式以及随后的影响的数据。虽然大多数研究对感知风险进行了定量评估，但综合证据表明，个体发现风险很难准确量化，倾向于高估。风险不是一个独立的概念，而是一种生活和经历的东西，构建风险的过程是复杂的，受到许多因素的影响。虽然关于感知风险影响的证据有限且不一致，但有一些证据表明，高风险估计可能对健康产生不利影响，并导致某些人不适当地采取医疗监测和预防措施。需要一种更有针对性的研究方法，更多地探索风险构成的方式，以及发展更强大的理论模型，以促进有效和以患者为中心的咨询策略。
As an individual's understanding of their genetic risk may influence risk management decisions, it is important to understand the ways in which risk is constructed and interpreted. We systematically reviewed the literature, undertaking a narrative synthesis of 59 studies presenting data on the ways in which individuals perceive, construct and interpret their risk, and the subsequent effects. While most studies assessed perceived risk quantitatively, the combined evidence suggests individuals find risk difficult to accurately quantify, with a tendency to overestimate. Rather than being a stand-alone concept, risk is something lived and experienced and the process of constructing risk is complex and influenced by many factors. While evidence of the effects of perceived risk is limited and inconsistent, there is some evidence to suggest high risk estimations may adversely affect health and lead to inappropriate uptake of medical surveillance and preventative measures by some individuals. A more focused approach to research is needed with greater exploration of the ways in which risk is constructed, along with the development of stronger theoretical models, to facilitate effective and patient-centered counseling strategies.