Use-Dependent and Error-Based Learning of Motor Behaviors
Use-Dependent and Error-Based Learning of Motor Behaviors
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.5406-09.2010
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发表时间：
2010-04-14
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Lally, Niall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diedrichsen, Joern;White, Olivier;Lally, Niall
人类的运动行为是通过基于错误的学习过程不断适应的。当电机系统遇到错误时，它对身体和环境的估计将发生变化，下一次运动将立即进行修改，以抵消潜在的扰动。在这里，我们展示了第二种机制，依赖使用的学习，同时改变动作，使其变得与最后一个动作更相似。在三个实验中，参与者向一个水平拉长的目标做伸展运动，这样就不必纠正初始运动方向上的错误。沿着这个任务冗余维度，我们能够通过被动地引导运动方向与之前的方向成8度的方向来诱导依赖使用的学习。在第二项研究中，我们证明了基于错误和依赖使用的学习可以通过对主动运动的方向进行物理限制来同时改变相反方向的运动行为。在移除约束之后，参与者短暂地表现出与约束的方向相反的基于错误的后效，随后在约束的方向上表现出更持久的依赖于使用的后效。在第三个实验中，我们证明了这两种学习机制共同决定了运动系统在学习运动任务时所采用的解决方案。
Human motor behavior is constantly adapted through the process of error-based learning. When the motor system encounters an error, its estimate about the body and environment will change, and the next movement will be immediately modified to counteract the underlying perturbation. Here, we show that a second mechanism, use-dependent learning, simultaneously changes movements to become more similar to the last movement. In three experiments, participants made reaching movements toward a horizontally elongated target, such that errors in the initial movement direction did not have to be corrected. Along this task-redundant dimension, we were able to induce use-dependent learning by passively guiding movements in a direction angled by 8 from the previous direction. In a second study, we show that error-based and use-dependent learning can change motor behavior simultaneously in opposing directions by physically constraining the direction of active movements. After removal of the constraint, participants briefly exhibit an error-based aftereffect against the direction of the constraint, followed by a longer-lasting use-dependent aftereffect in the direction of the constraint. In the third experiment, we show that these two learning mechanisms together determine the solution the motor system adopts when learning a motor task.