Vaccine procurement and self-sufficiency in developing countries
Vaccine procurement and self-sufficiency in developing countries
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DOI：
10.1093/heapol/15.2.121
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Woodle, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Woodle, D
本文讨论了发展中国家（以及向新的经济和政治制度过渡的国家）在疫苗供应方面走向自给自足的运动，并解释了疫苗作为一种产品类别的特殊供应问题。它追溯了一些捐助者支持和旨在自筹资金的方案的历史，然后继续讨论了机构能力建设方面的自给自足问题。介绍了中低收入国家在疫苗采购和供应方面普遍存在的一些缺陷，并介绍了通过采购技术援助加强体制的情况。该文件还提供了关于美国国际开发署（美援署）和世界卫生组织（世卫组织）正在编写的疫苗采购手册的信息，供在这种环境下使用。包括两个简短的案例研究，以说明旨在发展或改进疫苗采购能力的现有能力范围和技术援助的不同方法。最后，本文讨论了疫苗的特殊性以及围绕作为卫生部门改革一部分的疫苗供应系统的潜在整合和分散的问题。
This paper discusses the movement toward self-sufficiency in vaccine supply in developing countries (and countries in transition to new economic and political systems) and explains special supply concerns about vaccine as a product class. It traces some history of donor support and programmes aimed at seif-financing, then continues with a discussion about self-sufficiency in terms of institutional capacity building. A number of deficiencies commonly found in vaccine procurement and supply in low- and middle-income countries are characterized, and institutional strengthening with procurement technical assistance is described. The paper also provides information about a vaccine procurement manual being developed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for use in this environment. Two brief case studies are included to illustrate the spectrum of existing capabilities and different approaches to technical assistance aimed at developing or improving vaccine procurement capability. In conclusion, the paper discusses the special nature of vaccine and issues surrounding potential integration and decentralization of vaccine supply systems as part of health sector reform.