SOME PRINCIPLES GOVERNING MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
SOME PRINCIPLES GOVERNING MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.71.7.2848
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发表时间：
1974-01-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
OHTA, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KIMURA, M;OHTA, T
根据积累的分子进化证据和突变体取代群体动态的理论考虑，我们推导出以下五个原则：(1)对于每种蛋白质，只要分子的功能和三级结构基本保持不变，就氨基酸取代而言，各品系的进化速度大约是恒定的/位点/年。（ii）功能上不太重要的分子或分子的某些部分比更重要的分子进化得更快（就突变替代而言）。（iii）那些破坏分子现有结构和功能较少的突变取代（保守取代）在进化中比破坏性更大的突变取代发生得更频繁。基因复制必须总是先于具有新功能的基因出现。(v)在进化过程中，选择性消除绝对有害的突变体和随机固定选择性中性或非常轻微有害的突变体的情况，远比达尔文对绝对有利的突变体的积极选择要频繁得多。
The following five principles were deduced from the accumulated evidence on molecular evolution and theoretical considerations of the population dynamics of mutant substitutions: (i) for each protein, the rate of evolution in terms of amino acid substitutions is approximately constant/site per year for various lines, as long as the function and tertiary structure of the molecule remain essentially unaltered. (ii) Functionally less important molecules or parts of a molecule evolve (in terms of mutant substitutions) faster than more important ones. (iii) Those mutant substitutions that disrupt less the existing structure and function of a molecule (conservative substitutions) occur more frequently in evolution than more disruptive ones. (iv) Gene duplication must always precede the emergence of a gene having a new function. (v) Selective elimination of definitely deleterious mutants and random fixation of selectively neutral or very slightly deleterious mutants occur far more frequently in evolution than positive Darwinian selection of definitely advantageous mutants.