Contamination features and health risk of soil heavy metals in China
Contamination features and health risk of soil heavy metals in China
复制标题
我国土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.025
复制
发表时间：
2015-04-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Wang, Jinsheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Haiyang;Teng, Yanguo;Wang, Jinsheng
为全面了解我国土壤重金属污染特征，利用第一次全国土壤污染调查数据，采用多种污染指标对我国土壤重金属污染状况进行了评价（污染指数，地质富集指数和富集系数）并采用美国环境保护署推荐的风险评估模型量化其对人体健康的暴露风险。结果表明，由于工业生产的急剧增加和城市的快速扩张，中国土壤受到不同程度的重金属污染。总体而言，我国土壤重金属暴露风险水平处于可接受或接近可接受水平。相对而言，儿童和成年女性分别是非致癌和致癌风险的相对脆弱人群。由于镉和汞在土壤中的浓度较高，或对公众构成较高的健康风险，已将其确定为优先控制金属，此外还有砷、铅、铬和镍。空间分布格局分析表明，我国南方各省土壤重金属污染程度相对较高，这与西南地区地球化学背景值较高以及东南地区人类活动增加有关。同时，值得注意的是，我国首都北京也因汞浓度较高而被列为重点控制省份。研究结果将为我国土壤环境管理和重金属污染防治提供基础资料。(C)2015 Elsevier B.V.版权所有。
China faces a big challenge of environmental deterioration amid its rapid economic development To comprehensively Identify the contamination characteristics of heavy metals in Chinese soils on a national scale, data set of the first national soil pollution survey was employed to evaluate the pollution levels using several pollution indicators (pollution index, geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor) and to quantify their exposure risks posed to human health with the risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The results showed that, due to the drastically increased industrial operations and fast urban expansion, Chinese soils were contaminated by heavy metals in varying degrees. As a whole, the exposure risk levels of soil metals in China were tolerable or close to acceptable. Comparatively speaking, children and adult females were the relatively vulnerable populations for the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively. Cadmium and mercury have been identified as the priority control metals due to their higher concentrations in soils or higher health risks posed to the public, as well as, arsenic, lead, chromium and nickel. Spatial distribution pattern analysis implied that the soil metal pollutions in southern provinces of China were relatively higher than that in other provinces, which would be related to the higher geochemical background in southwest regions and the increasing human activities in southeast areas. Meanwhile, it should be noticed that Beijing, the capital of China, also has been labeled as the priority control province for its higher mercury concentration. These results will provide basic information for the improvement of soil environment management and heavy metal pollution prevention and control in China. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.