Episodic foresight and anxiety: Proximate and ultimate perspectives
Episodic foresight and anxiety: Proximate and ultimate perspectives
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DOI：
10.1111/bjc.12080
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Suddendorf, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miloyan, Beyon;Bulley, Adam;Suddendorf, Thomas
目的本文从进化的角度研究了情景预见性和焦虑之间的关系，提出它们共同赋予了一种优势，即根据未来对健康的潜在威胁来改变当前的决策和行为。方法我们从近因和终因两个角度回顾了关于情景预见性在焦虑中的作用的文献。结果我们认为，与情景模拟相关的焦虑情绪为这些模拟注入了动机货币。未来威胁的情景和语义细节可能不足以激发其回避，但与模拟相关的焦虑可以激发适应性威胁管理。因此，我们详细说明了由自我产生的、与威胁相关的未来模拟所引发的焦虑是如何使个体在比其他动物观察到的更大的时间距离上管理威胁（就其可能性和/或后果而言）的。然后，我们概述了焦虑亚型如何代表预测和管理特定类别健康威胁的特定机制。结论该方法为理解焦虑障碍的特征性未来思维模式的本质提供了突破口，并有助于阐明临床焦虑偏离机制的适应功能。
ObjectiveIn this paper, we examine the relationship between episodic foresight and anxiety from an evolutionary perspective, proposing that together they confer an advantage for modifying present moment decision-making and behaviour in the light of potential future threats to fitness.MethodsWe review the body of literature on the role of episodic foresight in anxiety, from both proximate and ultimate perspectives.ResultsWe propose that anxious feelings associated with episodic simulation of possible threat-related future events serve to imbue these simulations with motivational currency. Episodic and semantic details of a future threat may be insufficient for motivating its avoidance, but anxiety associated with a simulation can provoke adaptive threat management. As such, we detail how anxiety triggered by a self-generated, threat-related future simulation prepares the individual to manage that threat (in terms of its likelihood and/or consequences) over greater temporal distances than observed in other animals. We then outline how anxiety subtypes may represent specific mechanisms for predicting and managing particular classes of fitness threats.ConclusionsThis approach offers an inroad for understanding the nature of characteristic future thinking patterns in anxiety disorders and serves to illustrate the adaptive function of the mechanism from which clinical anxiety deviates.