A Relatively Brief Exposure to Environmental Enrichment after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Confers Long-Term Cognitive Benefits
A Relatively Brief Exposure to Environmental Enrichment after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Confers Long-Term Cognitive Benefits
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DOI：
10.1089/neu.2012.2560
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Kline, Anthony E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cheng, Jeffrey P.;Shaw, Kaitlyn E.;Kline, Anthony E.
众所周知，相对短暂的环境富集（EE）暴露可增强实验性创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后的运动和认知表现，但不知道EE停止后是否能持续获益。为了解决这一重要的康复相关问题，麻醉大鼠接受受控皮质撞击（CCI）或假损伤，并在实验的第一阶段随机分配至3周EE或标准（STD）饲养。分别在术后1-5天和14-18天通过既定的运动和认知测试评估神经行为结局。TBI + EE组比TBI + STD组更易促进光束平衡和空间学习（p < 0.0001）。在实验的第2阶段，将EE中的一半大鼠转移到STD条件（TBI + EE + STD和假手术+ EE + STD），并且每月一次重新评估神经行为，持续6个月。TBI + EE和TBI + EE + STD组在水迷宫中的表现明显优于TBI + STD组（p < 0.0001），并且彼此没有差异（p = 0.53）。这些数据重复了我们实验室的几项研究，表明EE可以增强CCI损伤后的恢复，并通过证明认知益处在康复后至少维持6个月来扩展这些发现。这种模式所显示的持续益处为EE作为康复的临床前模型提供了进一步的支持，可以单独或与药物治疗相结合进一步探索，以实现TBI后的最佳神经康复。
It is well established that a relatively brief exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) enhances motor and cognitive performance after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), but it is not known whether the benefits can be sustained after EE is discontinued. To address this important rehabilitation-relevant concern, anesthetized rats received a controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury, and for phase 1 of the experiment were randomly assigned to either 3 weeks of EE or standard (STD) housing. Neurobehavioral outcome was assessed by established motor and cognitive tests on postoperative days 1-5 and 14-18, respectively. Beam-balance and spatial learning were facilitated in the TBI + EE more than the TBI + STD group (p < 0.0001). In phase 2 of the experiment, half of the rats in EE were transferred to STD conditions (TBI + EE + STD and sham + EE + STD), and neurobehavior was re-assessed once per month for 6 months. The TBI + EE and TBI + EE + STD groups performed markedly better in the water maze than the TBI + STD group (p < 0.0001), and did not differ from one another (p = 0.53). These data replicate those of several studies from our laboratory showing that EE enhances recovery after CCI injury, and extend those findings by demonstrating that the cognitive benefits are maintained for at least 6 months post-rehabilitation. The persistent benefits shown with this paradigm provide further support for EE as a pre-clinical model of rehabilitation that can be further explored, either alone or in combination with pharmacotherapies, for optimal neurorehabilitation after TBI.