Helmet protective performance via reconstruction of electric two-wheeler rider's head-to-ground impact accidents
Helmet protective performance via reconstruction of electric two-wheeler rider's head-to-ground impact accidents
复制标题
电动两轮车骑行者头地碰撞事故重建头盔防护性能
DOI：
10.1080/13588265.2019.1616886
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发表时间：
2020-09-02
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Huang, Hongwu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han, Yong;He, Wei;Huang, Hongwu
包括流行病学、实验和模拟研究在内的大量研究表明，头盔可以为两轮车（TW）骑车人的头部提供良好的保护，并减少事故中头部受伤造成的伤病率。本研究的目的是通过对电动两轮（ETW）骑行者头部对地碰撞的深度事故重建，并通过视频信息验证头盔的防护性能，该视频信息提供了清晰完整的ETW骑行者运动学。此外，还采用了经过验证的头盔和人头有限元模型。本研究评估了三个现实世界的事故案例（案例A、B和C），在这些案例中，骑手在与车辆相撞后头部受到地面撞击而受伤。在病例A和病例B中，头盔可有效降低颅骨骨折的风险，分别为46%和4%；而在病例C中，颅骨骨折的风险高达94%。此外，在病例C中，头盔可以略微降低DAI损伤的风险至39%，而在三例中，脑震荡的风险不能降低。在案例C等剧烈撞击条件下，内衬泡沫的底出使头盔失去了对颅骨骨折的有效保护。外壳和衬里泡沫之间的连接在很大程度上影响了头盔对脑损伤的保护，如DAIs和脑震荡。研究结果指出了安全帽防护性能的不足，进一步为安全帽的安全设计提供更全面的指导。
Numerous studies, including epidemiological, experimental and simulation studies, have shown that helmets can provide good protection for the two-wheeler (TW) rider's head and reduce the casualty rate due to head injuries during an accident. The objective of this current study was to evaluate the protective performance of a helmet based on in-depth accident reconstructions of electric two-wheel (ETW) rider's head-to-ground impact validated by the video information that provide clear and complete kinematics of ETW rider. Furthermore, validated finite element (FE) models of the helmet and human head were used. Three real-world accident cases (Cases A, B and C) were evaluated, in which, the riders' head were injured by ground impact after collided by the vehicles. In Case A and Case B, the helmet could effectively reduce the risk of skull fracture to 46% and 4%, respectively; whereas the risk of a skull fracture was up to 94% in Case C. In addition, the helmet can slightly reduce the risk of DAI injuries to 39% in Case C, while the risk of concussion cannot be reduced in three cases. In the violent impact condition such as in Case C, the bottoming out of the liner foam makes helmet lose effective protection against skull fracture. The connection between the shell and liner foam largely affects the helmet's protection against the brain injuries such as DAIs and concussions. The findings point out the lack of protective performance of the helmet and further provide more comprehensive guidance on the safety design of the helmet.