Neighborhood characteristics of alcohol-related pedestrian injury collisions: a geostatistical analysis.
Neighborhood characteristics of alcohol-related pedestrian injury collisions: a geostatistical analysis.
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1011547831475
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发表时间：
2001-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gruenewald, P J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LaScala, E A;Johnson, F W;Gruenewald, P J
这项研究对生态数据进行了地统计学分析，以检查包括酒精可获得性和酒精消费模式在内的社区特征与行人伤害碰撞的关系。中心的研究问题是，是否有可能确定与酒精和非酒精相关的行人伤害的独特社区特征。据推测，即使在对社会经济特征、环境因素和附近居民的饮酒模式进行调整后，在酒精出口较集中的地区也会观察到更多与酒精有关的行人受伤事件。还假设，与饮酒模式和酒精供应无关，在失业率较高、收入较低、人口较多、年轻或老年人口占多数的地区，行人受伤的人数将会更多。来自加州四个社区的一般人口电话调查的档案和个人水平的数据被获得。调查数据包括社会人口统计和饮酒模式。档案数据包括与步行旅行相关的环境措施和酒精供应的衡量标准。分析单位是每个社区内的地理区域，由电话调查受访者的空间聚集性确定。结果显示，与酒精有关的行人碰撞更容易发生在酒吧密度和人口较多的地区，当地居民报告称每次饮酒时都会喝更多的酒。与酒精无关的行人碰撞更多地发生在低收入地区、人口较多和过街人口密度较高的地区，以及人口年龄较小或年龄较大的地区。识别与行人碰撞相关的邻里变量对政策制定和有针对性的预防工作具有重要意义。
This study conducted a geostatistical analysis of ecological data to examine the relationships of neighborhood characteristics, including alcohol availability and alcohol consumption patterns to pedestrian injury collisions. The central research question asked whether it was possible to identify unique neighborhood characteristics related to alcohol- and non-alcohol-involved pedestrian injuries. It was hypothesized that greater numbers of alcohol-involved pedestrian injuries would be observed in areas with greater concentrations of alcohol outlets, even after adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics, environmental factors, and drinking patterns of neighborhood residents. It was also hypothesized that independent of drinking patterns and alcohol availability, greater numbers of pedestrian injuries would be observed in areas with higher unemployment, lesser income, greater population, and a predominance of younger or older age populations. Archival and individual-level data from a general population telephone survey were obtained from four California communities. The survey data included sociodemographic and drinking pattern measures. Archival data included environmental measures relevant to pedestrian travel and measures of alcohol availability. Units of analysis were geographic areas within each community defined by the spatial clustering of telephone survey respondents. The results showed that alcohol-involved pedestrian collisions occurred more often in areas with greater bar densities and greater population, and where the local population reported drinking more alcohol per drinking occasion. Pedestrian collisions not involving alcohol occurred more often in lower income areas with greater population and cross-street densities, and in areas having either younger or older age populations. The identification of neighborhood variables associated with pedestrian collisions has important implications for policy formation and targeted prevention efforts.