Effects of the physical and social environment on youth cognitive performance.
Effects of the physical and social environment on youth cognitive performance.
复制标题
物理和社会环境对青少年认知表现的影响。
DOI：
10.1002/dev.22258
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Rosenberg,MonicaD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meredith,WesleyJ;Cardenas-Iniguez,Carlos;Berman,MarcG;Rosenberg,MonicaD
儿童认知能力的个体差异影响生活和健康结果。在发展过程中，哪些因素影响了这些个体差异？在这里，我们测试儿童的环境是否预测认知表现，独立于良好的社会经济影响。我们分析了来自青少年大脑认知发展研究的9002名9至10岁奥尔兹的数据，这是一项正在进行的纵向研究，在美国各地进行社区样本。使用青年和照顾者报告问卷和国家数据库登记（例如，邻里犯罪，步行性），我们定义了总结儿童的家庭，学校，邻里和文化环境的主成分。在两个独立的样本（NS = 3475，5527），环境因素解释了独特的变异儿童的一般认知能力，执行功能，学习/记忆能力。此外，社区丰富度的增加与社会人口统计学和一般认知能力之间的关系减弱有关。因此，环境是儿童认知表现的独特差异，应该与社会人口因素一起考虑，以更好地了解整个发育过程中的大脑功能和行为。
Individual differences in children's cognitive abilities impact life and health outcomes. What factors influence these individual differences during development? Here, we test whether children's environments predict cognitive performance, independent of well‐characterized socioeconomic effects. We analyzed data from 9002 9‐ to 10‐year olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, an ongoing longitudinal study with community samples across the United States. Using youth‐ and caregiver‐report questionnaires and national database registries (e.g., neighborhood crime, walkability), we defined principal components summarizing children's home, school, neighborhood, and cultural environments. In two independent samples (ns = 3475, 5527), environmental components explained unique variance in children's general cognitive ability, executive functioning, and learning/memory abilities. Furthermore, increased neighborhood enrichment was associated with an attenuated relationship between sociodemographics and general cognitive abilities. Thus, the environment accounts for unique variance in cognitive performance in children and should be considered alongside sociodemographic factors to better understand brain functioning and behavior across development.