Porous ceramics with tailored pore size and morphology as substrates for coral larval settlement
Porous ceramics with tailored pore size and morphology as substrates for coral larval settlement
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具有定制孔径和形态的多孔陶瓷作为珊瑚幼虫定居的基质
DOI：
10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.06.078
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Stephen Kroll
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. H. Antink;L. Röpke;Julia Bartels;C. Soltmann;A. Kunzmann;K. Rezwan;Stephen Kroll
石珊瑚作为观赏水族动物的需求日益增长，需要明确的水产养殖育种策略。珊瑚的有性繁殖需要物质基质来吸引幼虫，并支持它们的定居和发育。本研究以珊瑚骨架为例，开发了五种高多孔陶瓷材料。利用石珊瑚poillopora damicornis的幼虫对这些沉降基质的适用性进行了测试。采用压制粘土球团的部分烧结、粘土-氧化铝-莫来石基浆料的冷冻铸造和高烷烃相乳化悬浮液（HAPES）的氧化铝直接发泡。通过在冷冻铸造过程中添加mm大小的球形聚苯乙烯珠作为牺牲模板（氧化铝-莫来石），形成了幼虫表面大小的孔。无机基质的开孔率在35%（压制粘土）和83%（泡沫氧化铝）之间，孔径从nm到mm不等，孔隙形态以颗粒间孔隙（压制）、层状孔隙（冷冻铸造）和细胞孔隙类型（直接发泡）为主。将陶瓷基质在人工海水中培养3个月，以诱导必要的生物膜形成和藻类生长。随后，将个别基质暴露于5种珊瑚幼虫，并在14 d内监测其沉降行为。在此期间结束时，所有陶瓷材料都被成功接受为沉降基板，平均沉降率为46.2%，并且基板类型之间没有显着差异。在表面孔隙较大的样品上，与其他多孔材料（93-98%）相比，定居幼虫的存活率显著降低（79%），表明其表面形貌不理想。虽然氧化铝泡沫样品（HAPES）在幼虫的沉降和存活方面表现出最有希望的结果，但粘土基基质为水产养殖中珊瑚的有性繁殖提供了更经济的解决方案。
The growing demand for stony corals as ornamental aquarium animals requires defined aquacultural breeding strategies. For the sexual propagation of corals, material substrates are needed, that attract larvae and support their settlement and development. In this study, five types of highly porous ceramic materials were developed following the example of coral skeleton. The applicability of these settlement substrates was tested using larvae of the stony coralPocillopora damicornis. Partial sintering of pressed clay pellets, freeze casting of clay and alumina-mullite based slurries and direct foaming of high alkane phase emulsified suspensions (HAPES) using alumina were employed. By the addition of mm-sized spherical polystyrene beads as sacrificial templates during freeze casting (alumina-mullite), superficial pores in the size of the larvae were created. The inorganic substrates featured open porosities between 35% (pressed clay) and 83% (foamed alumina), pore sizes ranging from nm to mm-scale and pore morphologies dominated by interparticle porosity (pressed), lamellar pores (freeze casting) and cellular pore types (direct foaming). The ceramic substrates were incubated in artificial sea water for 3 months to induce necessary biofilm formation and algae growth. Afterwards, individual substrates were exposed to 5 coral larvae, and their settlement behavior was monitored over 14 days. At the end of this period, all ceramic materials were successfully accepted as settlement substrates, with a mean settlement rate of 46.2%, and no significant differences between the substrate types. On samples with large surface superficial pores, a significantly reduced survival of settled larvae (79%) compared to the other porous materials (93–98%) was determined, suggesting a non-ideal surface topography. While alumina foam samples (HAPES) exhibit the most promising results in terms of settlement and survival of larvae, clay-based substrates provide a more economic solution for the sexual propagation of corals in aquaculture.