Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air-Sea CO2 Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations
Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air-Sea CO2 Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations
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根据卫星数据和现场观测研究热带气旋对孟加拉湾海气二氧化碳交换的影响
DOI：
10.1029/2018jc014533
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Xu Huabing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ye Haijun;Sheng Jinyu;Tang Danling;Morozov Evgeny;Kalhoro Muhsan Ali;Wang Sufen;Xu Huabing
利用2013年11月至2017年1月的卫星资料和现场观测资料，定量分析了热带气旋（tc）对孟加拉湾（BoB）海面CO2分压（pCO(2sea)）和海气CO2通量（F-CO2）的影响。现场观测是在BoB海洋酸化系泊浮标进行的。在此期间，估计BoB海洋酸化站点的弱时间平均净源为55.78 +/- 11.16 mmol CO2 m（-2）年（-1）。在季风后（10 - 12月），TCs诱导的pCO（2sea）增加幅度较大（1.0-14.8 mu atm），而在季风前（3 - 5月），TCs诱导的pCO（2sea）减少幅度较大（-14.0 mu atm）。季风后表层溶解无机碳（DIC）与总碱度（TA）之比（δ DIC/TA）的垂直差异较大，是造成co2 （2sea）升高的主要原因。相对较小的δ DIC/TA值是季风前co （2sea）减少的原因。考虑了五个tc （Hudhud, Five, Kyant， Vardah和Roanu）。由于风暴期间的风效应和风暴后的风泵效应，Hudhud显著增强了过饱和地区的CO2外排（18.49 +/- 3.70 mmol CO2/m(2)）。Vardah对欠饱和地区F-CO2的影响不显著（1.22 +/- 0.24 mmol CO2/m(2)）。在高度饱和条件下（δ pCO(2) > 20 mu atm）， Roanu显著增加了19.08 +/- 3.82 mmol CO2/m(2))，因为风效应大大超过了风泵效应。据估计，这五种tc占年平均CO2年外排的55 +/- 23%，表明tc对BoB的碳循环有显著影响。
The impact of tropical cyclones (TCs) on the CO2 partial pressure at the sea surface (pCO(2sea)) and air-sea CO2 flux (F-CO2) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) was quantified based on satellite data and in situ observations between November 2013 and January 2017. The in situ observations were made at the BoB Ocean Acidification mooring buoy. A weak time-mean net source of 55.78 +/- 11.16 mmol CO2 m(-2) year(-1) at the BoB Ocean Acidification site was estimated during this period. A wide range in increases of pCO(2sea) (1.0-14.8 mu atm) induced by TCs occurred in postmonsoon (October-December), and large decreases of pCO(2sea) (-14.0 mu atm) occurred in premonsoon (March-May). Large vertical differences in the ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to total alkalinity (TA) in the upper layer (Delta DIC/TA) were responsible for increasing pCO(2sea) in postmonsoon. Relatively small values of Delta DIC/TA were responsible for decreasing pCO(2sea) in premonsoon. Five TCs (Hudhud, Five, Kyant, Vardah, and Roanu) were considered. Hudhud significantly enhanced CO2 efflux (18.49 +/- 3.70 mmol CO2/m(2)) in oversaturated areas due to the wind effect during the storm and wind-pump effects after the storm. Vardah insignificantly changed F-CO2 (1.22 +/- 0.24 mmol CO2/m(2)) in undersaturated areas because of the counteraction of these two effects. Roanu significantly enhanced CO2 efflux (19.08 +/- 3.82 mmol CO2/m(2)) in highly oversaturated conditions (Delta pCO(2) > 20 mu atm) since the wind effect greatly exceeded the wind-pump effects. These five TCs were estimated to account for 55 +/- 23% of the annual-mean CO2 annual efflux, suggesting that TCs have significant impacts on the carbon cycle in the BoB.