READING TWISTED TEXT - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ROLE OF SACCADES
READING TWISTED TEXT - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ROLE OF SACCADES
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DOI：
10.1016/0042-6989(87)90142-8
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发表时间：
1987-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
ANTON, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KOWLER, E;ANTON, S
这些实验考察了眼跳技能的质量如何限制阅读任务中视觉信息的获取。受试者阅读的文本中，扫视的空间模式通过颠倒一行中单词的顺序、单词中字母的顺序或两者都颠倒来改变。其中一些变化极大地改变了单词的惯常视觉外观。为了区分视觉和动眼运动对阅读的影响，在某些情况下，字母被旋转180度以产生文本，其中单词的惯常视觉外观被破坏，而单词和字母的顺序保持不变。我们发现，在准确阅读的指导下，扫视的定向模式对阅读速度的影响相对较小。扫视的大小对阅读速度有很大影响。通过改变字母顺序或字母方向来破坏熟悉的字母模式的文本，通过看每个字母或每个交替字母的小(<；30‘’)扫视序列来阅读。字母识别的单独测试表明，这些小的扫视是必要的，因为在没有熟悉的字母模式的情况下，字母识别作为偏心的函数而急剧下降。频繁的小眼跳会减慢阅读速度，因为当眼跳大小降至30-60英寸以下时，眼跳前停顿的持续时间会增加。我们发现，当受试者使用扫视跟踪其运动模仿他们自己阅读眼球运动模式的点时，随着扫视大小的减少，眼跳潜伏期增加的模式也类似。在点跟踪任务中，小眼跳之前的长潜伏期表明，眼跳编程的困难导致了阅读过程中小眼跳之前的长暂停持续时间。在编程小的眼跳中观察到的困难意味着，除非考虑到编程不同空间模式的眼跳所需的相对难度和时间，否则不能从眼跳的时间模式中得出关于视觉或认知过程持续时间的有效推断。
These experiments investigated how the quality of saccadic skill limits the acquisition of visual information during a reading task. Subjects read text in which the spatial pattern of saccades was varied by reversing the order of words in a line, the order of letters in a word, or both. Some of these transformations drastically altered the customary visual appearance of words. To distinguish visual from oculomotor influences on reading, letters, in some conditions, were rotated 180 deg to produce text in which the customary visual appearance of words was destroyed while the order of words and letters remained unchanged. We found that the directional pattern of saccades had relatively modest effects on reading speed under the instruction to read accurately. The size of saccades had large effects on reading speed. Text in which familiar patterns of letters were destroyed, either by changing letter-order or letter-orientation, was read by sequences of small (< 30'') saccades made to look at every letter, or every alternate letter. Separate tests of letter recognition showed that these small saccades were necessary because recognition of letters drops sharply as a function of eccentricity in the absence of familiar letter patterns. Frequent small saccades slowed reading in that durations of the pauses before saccades increased when saccade size fell below 30-60''. We found a similar pattern of increased saccadic latency with decreasing saccade size when subjects used saccades to track a point whose motion mimicked their own reading eye movement patterns. The long latencies before small saccades in the point-tracking task showed the saccadic programming difficulties contributed to the long pause durations before small saccades during reading. The observed difficulty in programming small saccades means that valid inferences about the duration of visual or cognitive processes cannot be drawn from the temporal pattern of saccades unless the relative difficulty and time required to program different spatial patterns of saccades is taken into account.