The effects of food and space on the occurrence of cannibalism and predation among larvae of Anopheles gambiae sl
The effects of food and space on the occurrence of cannibalism and predation among larvae of Anopheles gambiae sl
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0013-8703.2004.00186.x
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Takken, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koenraadt, CJM;Majambere, S;Takken, W
冈比亚按蚊不同水生阶段间的竞争性相互作用(双翅目：蚊科)可能会影响由此产生的成虫密度，从而影响疟疾的风险。我们调查了四龄幼虫(An.冈比亚亚种Giles S.S.或者是一个。Arabiens Patton)、摄食量和可利用空间对刚孵化的中华按蚊幼体的存活和发育的影响。冈比亚亚种还有一个。阿拉伯。为了对结果进行分析，构建了两个比例风险模型。第一个估计了所有协变量对死亡率的影响，第二个估计了协变量对三龄幼虫发育率的影响。两个模型都包含了一个密度的时间相关协变量，该变量在实验期间因死亡或发育到L3而变化。在L4龄幼虫的存在下，实验幼虫的存活率显著降低，但在L4龄幼虫和L4龄幼虫之间没有发现差异。冈比亚亚纲和L4An。阿拉伯。观察到大多数死亡的幼虫没有被发现在有L4存在的托盘中，这表明很容易发生同类相食和捕食。空间限制显著增加了幼虫的死亡率，而食物限制降低了幼虫的发育率，但本身并不导致死亡。由此，我们得出结论，在较小的环境中，由于更频繁的相互作用，食人和捕食都得到了加强，但由于食物短缺的原因，没有发生这种情况。本研究表明，按蚊幼虫在种间和种内的相互作用。冈比亚复合体强烈地影响着生存和发展，食物的数量和可用的空间是这些相互作用结果的重要决定因素。讨论了结果对现场两种疟疾媒介的种群动态的影响。
Competitive interactions among the aquatic stages of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) may affect the resulting adult densities and, hence, the risk of malaria. We investigated the impact of the presence of a fourth-instar larva (An. gambiae Giles s.s. or An. arabiensis Patton), the quantity of food, and the available space on the survival and development of freshly hatched larvae of An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis. To analyse the results, two proportional hazard models were constructed. The first estimated the effects of all covariates on mortality rate and the second estimated the effects of the covariates on development rate into the third larval instar (L3). A time-dependent covariate for density, which changed during the experiment as a result of death or development to L3, was included in both models. In the presence of a fourth-instar larva (L4), survival of the experimental larvae was significantly reduced, but no difference was detected between the presence of L4 An. gambiae and L4 An. arabiensis. The observation that the majority of dead larvae were not recovered in trays with an L4 present suggested that cannibalism and predation occurred readily. Limitation in space significantly increased mortality of larvae, whereas a limitation of food reduced larval development rate, but did not cause mortality per se. From this, we concluded that both cannibalism and predation were enhanced as a result of more frequent interactions within smaller environments, but did not occur for reasons of food shortage. This study shows that inter- and intraspecific interactions among larvae of the An. gambiae complex strongly affect survival and development, and that the quantity of food and the available space are important determinants of the outcome of these interactions. Implications of the results are discussed with respect to the population dynamics of both malaria vectors in the field.