Human Capital and Income Inequality: Some Facts and Some Puzzles
Human Capital and Income Inequality: Some Facts and Some Puzzles
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人力资本和收入不平等：一些事实和一些困惑
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Doménech
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amparo Castelló;R. Doménech
本文使用1950年至2010年146个国家人力资本不平等最新数据集的大量指标，记录了收入和人力资本不平等演变的几个事实。主要研究结果表明，尽管由于文盲人数减少了数亿人，世界各地的人力资本不平等大大减少，但收入分配不平等几乎没有改变。在许多地区，1960年的收入基尼系数与2005年非常相似。因此，识字率的提高并不是减少收入不平等的充分条件，尽管识字率的提高改善了收入分配底层人民的生活水平。教育收益增加、识字率提高对工资的外部影响或其他外部力量的同时发生（例如，全球化或偏重技能的技术进步）可以解释收入和教育不平等的演变之间缺乏相关性的原因。
Using a broad number of indicators from an updated data set on human capital inequality for 146 countries from 1950 to 2010, this paper documents several facts regarding the evolution of income and human capital inequality. The main findings reveal that, in spite of a large reduction in human capital inequality around the world driven by a decline in the number of illiterates of several hundreds of millions of people, the inequality in the distribution of income has hardly changed. In many regions, the income Gini coefficient in 1960 was very similar to that in 2005. Therefore, improvements in literacy are not a sufficient condition to reduce income inequality, even though they improve life standards of people at the bottom of the income distribution. Increasing returns to education, external effects on wages of higher literacy rates or the simultaneous concurrence of other exogenous forces (e.g., globalization or skill-biased technological progress) may explain the lack of correlation between the evolution of income and education inequality.