A cross sectional study: latrine coverage and associated factors among rural communities in the District of Bahir Dar Zuria, Ethiopia
A cross sectional study: latrine coverage and associated factors among rural communities in the District of Bahir Dar Zuria, Ethiopia
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-13-99
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发表时间：
2013-02-04
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Muche, Semahegn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Awoke, Worku;Muche, Semahegn
背景资料：缺乏卫生设施是一个严重的健康风险，迫使人们露天排便，从而增加了疾病传播的风险。本研究的目的是评估厕所覆盖率和相关因素之间的农村社区在巴希尔达尔Zuria.Methods区：社区为基础的横断面研究进行了608户巴希尔达尔Zuria区。首先，根据与巴希尔达尔市的距离对该地区进行分层。然后，从该地区的32个农村小城镇中选出10个小城镇（最小的行政单位）。在确定了kebeles之后，利用现有的所有家庭名单作为抽样框架，通过系统抽样方法选择家庭。选择家庭的间隔（Kth）是通过将家庭数量除以分配给每个kebele的样本大小来确定的。在确定Kth间隔后，随机选择第一个家庭。通过将累积的Kth间隔添加到第一个选定的家庭，系统地识别下一个家庭。通过预测试的标准化问卷和观察清单收集数据。结果：在608户居民中，355户（58.4%）有坑式厕所，220户（62.0%）有功能（在数据收集期间提供服务）。187个（52.7%）厕所在研究前两年或两年以上建成，202个（56.9%）厕所需要维修。在收入为5000埃塞俄比亚比尔或以上的家庭中，（1美元= 17.5埃塞俄比亚比尔）（调整后的优势比[AOR]，1.55; 95%置信区间[CI]，1.06-2.27）比那些手收入低于5000比尔每年;卫生专业人员每月至少访问三次的家庭的厕所可用性是没有访问的家庭的两倍（AOR，2.29; 95%CI，1.33-3.93）。从卫生机构步行不到30分钟的家庭的厕所覆盖率比步行超过30分钟的家庭高出两倍（AOR，1.57; 95%CI，1.11-2.22）。厕所覆盖率较低的家庭位于偏远地区（AOR，0.53; 95%CI，0.36-0.77）比家庭更接近city.Conclusions：厕所覆盖率在巴希尔达尔Zuria区是远离国家的目标100%。厕所的提供受到收入水平、卫生工作者出诊频率、到当地卫生机构步行时间以及到巴希尔达尔的距离的影响。因此，建议增加支助性访问的频率，并特别关注交通不便地区的家庭。
Background: Lack of sanitation facilities is a serious health risk and obliges people to practice open defecation, thereby increasing the risk of disease transmission. The aim of this study was to assess latrine coverage and the associated factors among the rural communities in district of Bahir Dar Zuria, Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 608 households in district of Bahir Dar Zuria. First, the district was stratified based on the distance from Bahir Dar city. Then, ten kebeles (the smallest administrative units) were selected from the 32 rural kebeles in the district. After the kebeles had been identified, the households were selected by systematic sampling method using existing list of all households as a sampling frame. Intervals (Kth)) for selecting households were determined by dividing the number of households with the sample size allocated for each kebele. After determining the Kth interval, the first household was selected randomly. The next households were identified systematically onwards by adding cumulatively Kth intervals to the first selected household. Data were collected by means of a pretested, standardized questionnaire and observation checklist. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16.Results: Of the 608 households, 355 (58.4%) had pit latrines and only 220 (62.0%) were functional (providing services during data collection). One hundred eighty seven (52.7%) had been constructed two or more years prior to the time of the study and 202 (56.9%) latrines required maintenance. The availability of latrines was twice higher in households with an income of 5000 or more Ethiopian Birr (1USD = 17.5 Ethiopian Birr) per year (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-2.27) than those who hand an income less than 5000 Birr per year; the availability of latrines was twofold higher in households visited by health professional at least three times a month (AOR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.33-3.93) than those that received no visits. The latrine coverage was about two times higher in households that were less than 30 minutes walk from a health institution (AOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11-2.22) than households that were over 30 minutes walk. The latrine coverage was lower in households located in distant areas (AOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36-0.77) than in households closer to the city.Conclusions: Latrine coverage in District of Bahir Dar Zuria was far from the national target of 100%. The availability of latrines was affected by income level, frequency of visits by health workers, walking time from local health institutions, and distance from Bahir Dar. Therefore, it is recommended that the frequency of supportive visits be increased and that special attention be given to households in inaccessible areas.