Capitalizing on Compensation: Hydropower Resettlement and the Commodification and Decommodification of Nature–Society Relations in Southern Laos
Capitalizing on Compensation: Hydropower Resettlement and the Commodification and Decommodification of Nature–Society Relations in Southern Laos
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DOI：
10.1080/24694452.2016.1146570
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
W. N. Green;I. Baird
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. N. Green;I. Baird
水电站大坝移民补偿计划具有深远的影响，包括重建自然-社会关系以支持资本积累。虽然关键的奖学金已经显示了结构性的限制，补偿方案，以减少贫困后重新安置，在这里，我们借鉴的具体案例的Xepian，Xenamnoy水电站大坝项目在老挝南部的Xekong河流域，探讨Heuny人之间的自然与社会关系的转变。我们认为，估价，抽象和私有化的财产关系的补偿过程，有助于杂色商品化的土地和其他自然资源使用的Heuny。然而，与资本主义扩张导致商品化不断增加的论点相反，我们证明了补偿以各种方式使其他自然资源（如某些非木材森林产品和野生渔业）去商品化，使其他东西（如砍伐的田地和林地）保持非商品化。此外，这些多样化的商品化进程在空间上是可变的，在很大程度上取决于Heuny的空间概念，从而影响到土地和其他自然资源的商品化。最终，通过将补偿与各种形式的（去）商品化过程联系起来，我们提出了通过水力发电引发的重新安置来转变和扩大资本主义社会关系的新方法。此外，我们质疑物质补偿恢复以前的生计和环境条件的能力，因为补偿过程本身带来的变化在自然-社会关系方面具有更深刻和深远的影响。
Compensation programs for hydropower dam resettlement have far-reaching effects, including restructuring nature–society relations in support of capital accumulation. Although critical scholarship has shown the structural limitations of compensation programs for reducing poverty after resettlement, here we draw on the specific case of the Xepian-Xenamnoy hydroelectric dam project in the Xekong River Basin in southern Laos to explore the transformation of nature–society relations among the Heuny people. We argue that the compensation processes of valuation, abstraction, and privatization of property relations have contributed to the variegated commodification of land and other natural resources used by the Heuny. In contrast to arguments that capitalist expansion leads to ever increasing commodification, however, we demonstrate that compensation variously decommodifies other natural resources, such as certain nontimber forest products and wild fisheries, keeping other things, such as swidden fields and forest land, noncommodified. Moreover, these processes of variegated commodification are spatially variable, largely dependent on Heuny conceptions of space, thus affecting the commodification of land and other natural resources. Ultimately, by linking compensation to processes of (de)-commodification in its various forms, we suggest new ways in which capitalist social relations are being transformed and expanded through hydropower-induced resettlement. Furthermore, we call into question the ability of material compensation to restore previous livelihood and environmental conditions, as changes brought on by the compensation process itself have much deeper and profound implications when it comes to nature–society relations.