NeuroImage: Clinical Motivated attention and family risk for depression: Neuronal generator patterns at scalp elicited by lateralized aversive pictures reveal blunted emotional responsivity-猫眼课题宝

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J. Kayser;C. Tenke;Karen S. Abraham;Daniel M. Alschuler;Jorge E. Alvarenga;Jamie Skipper;V. Warner;G. Bruder;M. Weissman

行为学和电生理学证据表明，抑郁症（MDD）涉及右顶叶颞叶功能障碍，该区域通过唤醒一个预期的刺激而激活。基于既往事件相关电位（ERP）结果（Kayser 2016 NeuroImage - 350），本研究检查了这些异常是否也是MDD临床高风险个体的特征。我们系统地探讨了家庭风险状况和个人抑郁和焦虑史对三个不同阶段的情绪处理，包括晚正电位（LPP）的影响。使用高度控制的整容手术患者照片，在视觉半场范式中记录了74名高风险个体和53名低风险个体（年龄13 - 59岁，58名男性）的ERPs（72个通道），这些照片显示治疗前或治疗后面部区域紊乱（阴性）或愈合（中性）。ERP波形的无参考电流源密度（CSD）转换通过时间主成分分析（tPCA）进行艾德。对情绪内容敏感的突出CSD-tPCA因素的组分分数通过置换检验和重复测量ANOVA进行分析，用于混合析因设计和非结构化协方差矩阵，包括性别、年龄和临床协变量。基于因素的分布逆解提供了描述性估计的情绪大脑激活在组水平对应于层次激活沿着腹侧视觉处理流。风险状态是一种受影响的情绪反应（对负性刺激的积极性增加），重叠早期N2汇（峰值潜伏期212 ms），P3源（385 ms）和晚期中央顶叶源（630 ms）。与低风险个体相比，高风险个体的右侧大于左侧的情绪偏侧化（涉及枕颞皮层（N2汇））和双侧减少的情绪效应（涉及后扣带回（P3源）和下颞皮层（630 ms））。虽然早期的情绪效应在左半球（右半球）呈现时得到了增强，但风险组之间的半球调制并没有差异，这表明风险效应是自上而下而不是自下而上的。各组在刺激效价或唤醒等级方面没有差异。与没有抑郁症或焦虑症病史的人相比，有抑郁症或焦虑症病史的人也有类似的效果。然而，没有证据表明，抑郁症或焦虑症的风险状态和历史相互作用的情绪反应的影响，这表明在很大程度上独立衰减的注意力资源分配，以提高知觉加工的动机显着的刺激。这些发现进一步表明，在有意识的意识之前缺乏主动注意可能是抑郁症风险的一个标志。

Behavioral and electrophysiologic evidence suggests that major depression (MDD) involves right parietotempor- al dysfunction, a region activated by arousing a ﬀ ective stimuli. Building on prior event-related potential (ERP) ﬁ ndings (Kayser 2016 NeuroImage – 350), this study examined whether these abnormalities also characterize individuals at clinical high risk for MDD. We systematically explored the impact of family risk status and personal history of depression and anxiety on three distinct stages of emotional processing comprising the late positive potential (LPP). ERPs (72 channels) were recorded from 74 high and 53 low risk individuals (age 13 – 59 years, 58 male) during a visual half- ﬁ eld paradigm using highly-controlled pictures of cosmetic surgery patients showing disordered (negative) or healed (neutral) facial areas before or after treatment. Reference-free current source density (CSD) transformations of ERP waveforms were quanti ﬁ ed by temporal principal components analysis (tPCA). Component scores of prominent CSD-tPCA factors sensitive to emotional content were analyzed via permutation tests and repeated measures ANOVA for mixed factorial designs with unstructured covariance matrix, including gender, age and clinical covariates. Factor-based distributed inverse solutions provided descriptive estimates of emotional brain activations at group level corresponding to hierarchical activations along ventral visual processing stream. Risk status a ﬀ ected emotional responsivity (increased positivity to negative-than-neutral stimuli) overlapping early N2 sink (peak latency 212 ms), P3 source (385 ms), and a late centroparietal source (630 ms). High risk individuals had reduced right-greater-than-left emotional lateralization involving occipitotemporal cortex (N2 sink) and bilaterally reduced emotional e ﬀ ects involving posterior cingulate (P3 source) and inferior temporal cortex (630 ms) when compared to those at low risk. While the early emotional e ﬀ ects were enhanced for left hemi ﬁ eld (right hemisphere) presentations, hemi ﬁ eld modulations did not di ﬀ er between risk groups, suggesting top-down rather than bottom-up e ﬀ ects of risk. Groups did not di ﬀ er in their stimulus valence or arousal ratings. Similar e ﬀ ects were seen for individuals with a lifetime history of depression or anxiety disorder in comparison to those without. However, there was no evidence that risk status and history of MDD or anxiety disorder interacted in their impact on emotional responsivity, suggesting largely independent attenuation of attentional resource allocation to enhance perceptual processing of motivationally salient stimuli. These ﬁ ndings further suggest that a de ﬁ cit in motivated attention preceding conscious awareness may be a marker of risk for depression.

NeuroImage: Clinical Motivated attention and family risk for depression: Neuronal generator patterns at scalp elicited by lateralized aversive pictures reveal blunted emotional responsivity

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