Ice in Clouds Experiment—Layer Clouds. Part I: Ice Growth Rates Derived from Lenticular Wave Cloud Penetrations
Ice in Clouds Experiment—Layer Clouds. Part I: Ice Growth Rates Derived from Lenticular Wave Cloud Penetrations
复制标题
云中的冰实验——层状云：由透镜状波云穿透产生的冰增长率。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Haimov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Heymsfield;P. Field;M. Bailey;D. Rogers;J. Stith;C. Twohy;Zhien Wang;S. Haimov
摘要用透镜波云作为一个自然实验室，估计了冰粒在- 20 ~ - 32℃温度下的线性增长率和质量增长率，并表征了在接近恒定温度下水饱和时冰核的表观速率。数据来自139个大致沿风向或逆风向飞行的液体云穿透。结果表明，冰的平均线性生长速率约为1.4 μm s−1，与粒径（100 ~ 400 μm）和温度无关。利用沿风向测得的粒径分布，利用理论和假设不同冰粒密度的粒径分布计算了冰含水量的增加速率；国际捕鲸委员会太小了，无法测量。需要非常低的冰有效密度（<0.1 g cm−3）来解释IWC观测到的增长率和出乎意料的高线性增长率。使用来自多个…
AbstractLenticular wave clouds are used as a natural laboratory to estimate the linear and mass growth rates of ice particles at temperatures from −20° to −32°C and to characterize the apparent rate of ice nucleation at water saturation at a nearly constant temperature. Data are acquired from 139 liquid cloud penetrations flown approximately along or against the wind direction. A mean linear ice growth rate of about 1.4 μm s−1, relatively independent of particle size (in the range 100–400 μm) and temperature is deduced. Using the particle size distributions measured along the wind direction, the rate of increase in the ice water content (IWC) is calculated from the measured particle size distributions using theory and from those distributions by assuming different ice particle densities; the IWC is too small to be measured. Very low ice effective densities, <0.1 g cm−3, are needed to account for the observed rate of increase in the IWC and the unexpectedly high linear growth rate.Using data from multiple ...