Parasitic waves and micro-breaking on highly nonlinear gravity–capillary waves in a convergent channel
Parasitic waves and micro-breaking on highly nonlinear gravity–capillary waves in a convergent channel
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会聚通道中高度非线性重力毛细管波的寄生波和微破碎
DOI：
10.1017/jfm.2023.322
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
M. Perlin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chang Xu;M. Perlin
摘要 重力-毛细波是同时受表面张力和重力影响的波。这些波的尺度很小，波长范围从大约 10 厘米到不到 1 厘米。重力-毛细波在海气相互作用中发挥着重要作用，与重力波相比，它们表现出许多不同的特征。它们可以在海面广泛观察到。可以在有风的水面上观察到寄生波（由重力和/或重力毛细波产生并依靠重力和/或重力毛细波产生的毛细波）和微破碎；然而，风的存在使得分析波浪本身的机制变得困难。在本文中，在无风的情况下，通过实验检验了重力毛细波的寄生波和微破裂。寄生波和轴对称微破碎波是在会聚通道中机械产生的，其中能量密度由于空间会聚而增加。使用三种实验技术来测量波特性：平面激光诱导荧光、粒子图像测速和阴影图。研究了寄生波下的波廓演化和涡流。在添加表面活性剂的表面上观察到重力毛细波的微破裂。表面活性剂增加了键数，并使这些小尺度波浪的破裂成为可能。对寄生波和微破碎的能量耗散进行了量化，并通过实验识别了寄生波引起的增强耗散。在这项研究中，首次研究了在不受风影响的情况下机械产生的波长小于10厘米的碎波。这些结果可以深入了解小尺度的海气界面上的波浪特征和能量耗散。
Abstract Gravity–capillary waves are waves influenced by both the effects of surface tension and gravity; these waves are at small scales with wavelength range from approximately 10 cm to less than 1 cm. Gravity–capillary waves play a significant role in air–sea interactions, and they exhibit much different features compared with gravity waves. They can be observed widely on the sea surface. Parasitic waves (capillary waves generated by and that ride on gravity and/or gravity–capillary waves) and micro-breaking can be observed on the water surface with winds; however, the presence of wind makes it difficult to analyse the mechanisms of the wave itself. In this paper, parasitic waves and micro-breaking on gravity–capillary waves are examined experimentally, both in the absence of wind. Parasitic waves and axisymmetric micro-breaking waves are generated mechanically in a convergent channel, where energy density increases due to spatial convergence. Three experimental techniques are used to measure wave properties: planar laser-induced fluorescence, particle image velocimetry and shadowgraphs. The wave profile evolution and vortices beneath the parasitic waves are studied. The micro-breaking of gravity–capillary waves is observed on a surface with added surfactant. The surfactant increases the Bond number, and makes breaking possible in these small-scale waves. Energy dissipation of parasitic waves and micro-breaking is quantified, and the enhanced dissipation caused by parasitic waves is identified through the experiments. In this study, mechanically generated breaking waves with wavelengths less than 10 cm are studied for the first time, without the effect of wind. The results yield insight into wave characteristics and energy dissipation on the air–sea interface at small scales.
预测深层和中深度重力水波的破碎强度
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Derakhti, Morteza;Banner, Michael L.;Kirby, James T.
通讯作者：
Kirby, James T.