Multiple dimensions of bat biodiversity along an extensive tropical elevational gradient
Multiple dimensions of bat biodiversity along an extensive tropical elevational gradient
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.12201
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Willig, Michael R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cisneros, Laura M.;Burgio, Kevin R.;Willig, Michael R.
1.关于生物多样性空间动态的研究一般局限于对分类维度的考虑，对在物种集合中发挥重要作用并与生态系统服务有联系的生态或进化特征的种间差异不敏感。因此，分类学维度是其他维度的良好替代品的假设仍未得到证实。我们评估了秘鲁马努生物圈保护区蝙蝠生物多样性的分类学(物种丰富度)以及系统发育和功能维度(拉奥二次熵，分散度的测量)沿海拔梯度的变化。系统发育的分散是基于来自哺乳动物超树的物种的亲缘关系。分别对反映特定生态位轴的六个功能成分(如饮食、觅食策略、体型)中的每一个和所有组合的功能成分的功能分散度进行了估计。物种丰富度随海拔高度呈非线性下降，而基于所有功能成分的系统发育离散度和功能离散度与海拔高度无显著关联(正交多项式回归)。此外，功能部件之间存在高度关系形式的相当大的异质性。在考虑物种丰富度差异后，系统发育、食性和觅食策略属性的离散度在高海拔地区显著大于预期，而体型尺寸的离散度在高海拔地区显著小于预期。物种丰富度不能很好地替代系统发育或功能分散。基于多组分的功能分散模糊了特定组分检测到的模式，并阻碍了对生物多样性中海拔差异的机制解释的识别。系统发育离散度的变异有效地捕捉了所有功能成分所代表的复合变异，暗示了功能属性中的系统发育信号。导致丰富度变化的机制不能完全解释组合的系统发育或功能特征的变化。在高海拔地区，系统发育、食物和觅食策略的分散度大于预期，与系统发育或功能上冗余物种的丧失有关，这表明随着生产力的下降，种间竞争加剧导致竞争排斥。相比之下，高海拔地区大小属性的低分散性表明了非生物过滤的重要性，这种过滤有利于更容易进入麻木状态的小型物种。
1. Research concerning spatial dynamics of biodiversity generally has been limited to considerations of the taxonomic dimension, which is insensitive to interspecific variation in ecological or evolutionary characteristics that play important roles in species assembly and provide linkages to ecosystem services. Consequently, the assumption that the taxonomic dimension is a good surrogate for other dimensions remains unconfirmed.2. We assessed variation in taxonomic (species richness) as well as phylogenetic and functional (Rao's quadratic entropy, a measurement of dispersion) dimensions of bat biodiversity along an elevational gradient in the Manu Biosphere Reserve of Peru. Phylogenetic dispersion was based on relatedness of species derived from a mammalian supertree. Functional dispersion was estimated separately for each of six functional components that reflect particular niche axes (e. g. diet, foraging strategy, body size) and for all functional components combined.3. Species richness declined nonlinearly with elevation, whereas phylogenetic dispersion and functional dispersion based on all functional components were not significantly associated with elevation (orthogonal polynomial regression). Moreover, considerable heterogeneity in the form of elevational relationships existed among functional components. After accounting for variation in species richness, dispersion of phylogenetic, diet and foraging strategy attributes were significantly greater than expected at high elevations, whereas dispersion of body size was significantly less than expected at high elevations.4. Species richness was a poor surrogate for phylogenetic or functional dispersion. Functional dispersion based on multiple components obscured patterns detected by particular components and hindered identification of mechanistic explanations for elevational variation in biodiversity.5. Variation in phylogenetic dispersion effectively captured the composite variation represented by all functional components, suggesting a phylogenetic signal in functional attributes.6. Mechanisms that give rise to variation in richness do not fully account for variation in phylogenetic or functional characteristics of assemblages. Greater than expected phylogenetic, diet and foraging strategy dispersion at high elevations were associated with the loss of phylogenetically or functionally redundant species, suggesting that increasing interspecific competition with decreasing productivity resulted in competitive exclusion. In contrast, low dispersion of size attributes at high elevations suggests the importance of abiotic filtering that favours small-sized species that can more easily enter torpor.