Fascicle length of leg muscles is greater in sprinters than distance runners
Fascicle length of leg muscles is greater in sprinters than distance runners
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DOI：
10.1097/00005768-200006000-00014
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Brechue, WF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abe, T;Kumagai, K;Brechue, WF
目的：比较短跑运动员和长跑运动员腿部肌肉的结构特征。研究方法：研究了23名优秀男子100 m短跑运动员（SPR，100 m 10.0-10.9 s）、24名优秀男子中长跑运动员（DR，5000 m 13.5-14.5 min）和24名未经训练的男性对照组的骨骼肌肌结构特征。超声测量股外侧肌、腓肠肌内侧肌和外侧肌的肌束羽角和离体肌厚度，并估算肌束长度。结果：两组患者的身高、上下肢长相似。SPR组的体重显著高于DR组或对照组，两者相似。SPR组股外侧肌、腓肠肌内侧肌和外侧肌的肌肉厚度显著大于DR组或对照组，两者相似。在所有的肌肉，pennation角是相似的SPR和控制之间，但小于DR。股外侧肌的肌束长度（绝对和相对于肢体长度）是最大的SPR和最少的DR与控制值之间的运动员组。腓肠肌内侧肌束长度（绝对长度和相对于肢体长度）在SPR中大于DR或对照组，两者相似。腓肠肌外侧肌束长度在SPR中，DR和对照组之间腓肠肌外侧肌的绝对肌束长度（绝对和相对于肢体长度）显著大于DR。与DR相比，SPR的下肢肌束长度更长，羽状角更小，似乎有利于缩短速度，因为需要更大的运行速度。
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare architectural characteristics of leg muscles of sprinters and distance runners. Methods: Skeletal muscle architectural characteristics were studied in 23 elite male 100-m sprinters (SPR, 10.0-10.9 s for 100 m), 24 elite male distance runners (DR, 13.5-14.5 min for 5000 m), and 24 untrained male controls. Fascicle pennation angle and isolated muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis muscles were measured in vivo by ultrasound, and fascicle length was estimated. Results: Standing height and upper and lower limb lengths were similar among the groups. Body weight was significantly greater in SPR than in either DR or controls, which were similar. Muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis muscles was significantly greater in SPR than in either DR or controls, which were similar. In all muscles, pennation angle was similar between SPR and controls, but less than DR. Fascicle length of the vastus lateralis muscle (absolute and relative to limb length) was greatest in SPR and least in DR with control values being between the athlete groups. Fascicle length of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle (absolute and relative to limb length) was greater in SPR than in either DR or controls, which were similar. Fascicle length of the gastrocnemius lateralis muscle (absolute and relative to limb length) was significantly greater in SPR than DR. Absolute fascicle length in gastrocnemius lateralis muscle was similar between DR and controls; however, relative to limb length DR was significantly less. Conclusion: Greater fascicle length and lesser pennation angle observed in leg muscles of SPR, compared with DR, would appear to favor shortening velocity as required for greater running speed.