Management of patients with hepatitis B who require immunosuppressive therapy.

Management of patients with hepatitis B who require immunosuppressive therapy.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrgastro.2013.216
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发表时间:
2014-04
期刊:
Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
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慢性 HBV 感染患者如果在各种临床环境中需要免疫抑制治疗,包括对癌症患者进行化疗、对实体器官和干细胞移植受者进行免疫抑制,以及对肿瘤、胃肠道、风湿病或皮肤病患者使用抗 CD20 抗体、TNF 抑制剂或皮质类固醇,则面临 HBV 再激活的风险。预防乙型肝炎病毒再激活的关键是在免疫抑制治疗前识别出乙型肝炎病毒感染患者,对乙型肝炎病毒再激活中度或高风险的患者开始预防性抗病毒治疗,并密切监测其他患者,以便在乙型肝炎病毒再激活的第一个迹象时就开始抗病毒治疗。不幸的是,许多感染 HBV 的患者并不知道自己的感染或危险因素,而且医生在开始免疫抑制治疗之前通常没有足够的时间系统评估患者的 HBV 危险因素。在本文中,我们回顾了乙型肝炎病毒再激活的发生率、危险因素和结果,以及抗病毒治疗在预防其发生方面的功效。我们还提出了一种管理需要免疫抑制治疗的 HBV 感染患者的算法。
Patients with chronic HBV infection are at risk of reactivation of HBV should they require immunosuppressive therapies for a variety of clinical settings, including chemotherapy for patients with cancer, immunosuppression for solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients, and use of anti-CD20 antibodies, TNF inhibitors, or corticosteroids in patients with oncological, gastrointestinal, rheumatological or dermatological conditions. The key to preventing HBV reactivation is the identification of patients with HBV infection prior to immunosuppressive therapy, initiation of prophylactic antiviral therapy in patients at moderate or high risk of HBV reactivation, and close monitoring of other patients so that antiviral therapy can be initiated at the first sign of HBV reactivation. Unfortunately, many patients infected with HBV are unaware of their infection or risk factors, and physicians often do not have sufficient time to systematically assess patients for risk factors for HBV prior to starting immunosuppressive therapy. In this article, we review the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of HBV reactivation, and the efficacy of antiviral therapy in preventing its occurrence. We also propose an algorithm for managing patients with HBV infection who require immunosuppressive therapy.
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