Microbes, microglia, and pain.
Microbes, microglia, and pain.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100045
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Taylor, Anna M W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dworsky-Fried, Zoe;Kerr, Bradley J;Taylor, Anna M W
在全球范围内，据估计，五分之一的人患有慢性疼痛，患病率随着年龄的增长而增加。慢性疼痛的病理生理学包括中枢和外周神经系统内复杂的感觉、免疫和炎症相互作用。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的巨噬细胞，在慢性疼痛的发生和持续中起着重要作用。小胶质细胞对来自CNS的局部信号作出反应，但也受到来自胃肠道的信号的调节。来自临床前和临床研究的新数据表明，肠道微生物组（肠道内的细菌群落）和小胶质细胞之间的交流参与了慢性疼痛的产生。操纵或恢复肠道微生物组的靶向策略已被证明可以减少小胶质细胞活化并缓解与炎症相关的症状。这些数据表明，在慢性疼痛患者中操纵肠道微生物组可能是改善疼痛结果的可行策略。在此，我们讨论了小胶质细胞与肠道微生物组之间存在联系的证据，并探讨了肠道细菌可能影响小胶质细胞反应性以驱动慢性疼痛的机制。
Globally, it is estimated that one in five people suffer from chronic pain, with prevalence increasing with age. The pathophysiology of chronic pain encompasses complex sensory, immune, and inflammatory interactions within both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), are critically involved in the initiation and persistence of chronic pain. Microglia respond to local signals from the CNS but are also modulated by signals from the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging data from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that communication between the gut microbiome, the community of bacteria residing within the gut, and microglia is involved in producing chronic pain. Targeted strategies that manipulate or restore the gut microbiome have been shown to reduce microglial activation and alleviate symptoms associated with inflammation. These data indicate that manipulations of the gut microbiome in chronic pain patients might be a viable strategy in improving pain outcomes. Herein, we discuss the evidence for a connection between microglia and the gut microbiome and explore the mechanisms by which commensal bacteria might influence microglial reactivity to drive chronic pain.